Unrecognized ethnic groups in China

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A number of ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized.[1] Taken together, these groups (simplified Chinese: 未识别民族; traditional Chinese: 未識別民族; pinyin: wèi shíbié mínzú) would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China,[1] compared to 56 groups that are officially recognized. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of larger ethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like the Hui of Xinjiang with the Hui of Fujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam. Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as in Gansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilated Tangut civilization.[citation needed] Although they are indigenous to Hainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Lingao (Ong-Be) people near the capital (8% of the population) are counted as Han Chinese.[citation needed]

List of ethnic groups

Summarize
Perspective
More information English Name, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese ...
English Name
Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese
Mandarin Pinyin
Population Classified in census as ..... Territory Details
Bunu布努人Bùnǔrén700,000YaoGuangxi[2]
Chuanqing穿青人Chuānqīngrén670,000HanLiupanshui/Zhijin County, Bijie Prefecture, GuizhouThe Chuanqings view themselves as a distinct group of people despite being descendants of Han Chinese military servicemen. Most of them live in Anshun area of Guizhou province. Other locals call the Chuanqings "Da Jiao Ban" (Big Foot) or "Da Xiuzi" (Big Sleeves). Uniquely, they worship a god called Wuxian (五显).
Lingao临高人
臨高人
Língāorén500,000 [3][full citation needed]Han or ZhuangHainan[4][full citation needed]Speakers of the Be languages. Some have chosen to register as Zhuang, while the majority of them registered as Han.[5][6][full citation needed]
Waxiang瓦乡人
瓦鄉人
Wǎxiāngrén400,000[7]HanYuanling County, Yongding, Yongshun County of HunanMany of the Waxiang people are designated as Miao, while some are designated as Tujia or Han.
Torghut土尔扈特人
土爾扈特人
Tǔěrhùtèrén150,000[8][unreliable source?]MongolsXinjiang[9][full citation needed]
Gyalrong嘉绒人
嘉絨人
Jiāróngrén120,000TibetanNgawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, SichuanSpeakers of the Gyalrong language related to Qiang.
Limin里民人Lǐmínrén100,000LiAnshun/Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, GuizhouPart of the Chuanqing people. Not related to the Li people of Hainan.
Gejia𱎼家人Géjiārén50,000MiaoQiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou
Äynu艾努人Àinǔrén50,000UyghurMoyu/Hetian/Luopu/Shache/Shule/Yingjisha Counties, Hotan Prefecture, XinjiangEthnically and linguistically distinct, speak Äynu language (Siberian Turkic subfamily) and adhere Shia Islam (Alevism). Not related to the Ainu people of Hokkaido and Sakhalin.
Caijia蔡家人Càijiārén40,000Han or BaiGuizhouCaijia people's language is said to be a relative of the Bai language.
Muxi木佬人Mùlǎorén30,000YiMajiang/Kaili/Huangping (Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture), Duyun/Fuquan (Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), Guizhou and Chun'an County, ZhejiangTheir language Muyu belongs to the Kra language group, close to the proverb, but due to similarities to the Gelao they are being classified into the Yi.
Mojia莫家人Mòjiārén20,000Bouyei[10]Libo County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, GuizhouThey speak the Mak language (Kam-Sui).
Baima白马人
白馬人
Báimǎrén15,000TibetanJiuzhaigou, Sichuan and Wen County, GansuThe Baima people are said to be the descendants of Di (氐) people.
Utsul回辉人
回輝人
Huíhuīrén8,500HuiHainanThe Utsuls are thought to be descendants of Cham refugees who fled their homeland of Champa in Vietnam.
Khmu克木人Kèmùrén7,000BulangXishuangbanna, Yunnan
Guge古格人Gǔgérén5,000Hui (Qinghai), Tibetan (Yunnan)Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai, Deqen/Weixi Counties, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan and Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous RegionIt is distributed in Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai Province, Shangri-La, Deqin, Weixi County, and Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The Guge people are culturally coordinated and adapted to be compatible with and preserve multi-ethnic culture. Suddenly retain the characteristics of the Hui culture, forming a unique nation.
Akha阿卡人Ākǎrén6,000HaniJinghong/Jinghan/Qilong town (Jinghong County), Bulangshan town (Menghai County) and Qilun town (Mengla County), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanThe Akha claimed to be "over gram", and Akha was the name of the Yi people (meaning "slaves").
Bisu毕苏人
畢蘇人
Bìsūrén6,000Some are classified as Lahu while those who live in Menghai County are counted as "undistinguished nationalities"Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan
Lemo勒墨人Lēimòrén7,000Bai and LisuLushui County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanThey are results of intermarriage between Tai Mao (Dehong Dai/Shan) and Lisu peoples.
Altaians阿尔泰人
阿爾泰人
Ā'ěrtàirénseveral thousandMongolian

Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang[11]

Yamato大和人Dàhérén4000 (in total)[a]HanAcross Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and LiaoningLeftovers of Japanese settlers that remained in China after the Second Sino-Japanese War, primarily women and orphaned children.[12] Many declare themselves as Han in Chinese censuses due to having mostly assimilated into Chinese society.
Ryukyu 琉球人 Liúqiúrén Han or sometimes Gaoshan Across Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning
Tuvans图瓦人
圖瓦人
Túwǎrén3,900MongolianFar north of Xinjiang[13][14]Only around 2,000 Tuvan speakers left.
Bugan布赓人
布賡人
Bùgēngrén2,700YiSouthern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), YunnanSpeakers of the Bugan language.
Pakan布赓人
布賡人
Bùgēngrén2,000YiWennan, Xiqiao. Wenshan, Yunnan
Buyang布央人Bùyāngrén2,000Yao, ZhuangWenshan Prefecture, Yunnan and Napo County, GuangxiThey are closely related to the Laha, Qabiao, Gelao, and Lachi.
Deng僜人Chēngrén2,000May be classified as TibetanZayu County, Linzhi (Nyingchi), Tibet Autonomous RegionThey speak various Mishmi languages (including Kaman/Miju and Idu Mishmi language).
Bolyu巴琉人Bāliúrén1,800Longlin County, GuangxiAlso known as Lai.
Kunge昆格人Kūngérén1,656 (338 households)BlangJinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanThe custom of the Kunge is different from that of the general Blang. The unique special day has the Dragon and the Dragon Festival. The Dragon Column is an iron festival. The time is in the solar calendar in February. During the festival, you must kill the cows, burn the bonfire, and worship the ancestors.
Bajia八甲人Bājiǎrén1,500Blang and YiYu'a/Yucha Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanDistributed in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Those who mixed with Blang are being classified as Blang peoples while those who unmixed are being classified as Yi peoples (this happened on 2011 after approval by Chinese National Civil Affairs Commission and the Yunnan Provincial Government).
Fuyu Kyrgyz富裕柯克孜人
富裕柯克孜人
Fùyù Kēkèzīrén1,400KyrgyzFuyu County, HeilongjiangEthnically and linguistically distinct from Kyrgyz, closely related to the ancient Yenisei Kyrgyz and modern Khakas in Siberia.
Keriya克里雅人Kèlǐyǎrén1,300UyghurYutian/Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, XinjiangThe Keriya people are said to be descendants of the Tibet Aliguge dynasty. Another group are said to be desert indigenous people living there. The natural environment determines the lifestyle of the Keriya people in the deep Taklimakan Desert. It still retains the simple and pure folk customs. Culture and a more primitive way of life. Most of them lived together for generations. The elderly at home are the most respected elders. The tribes rarely marry outsiders. They are called "the primitive tribes in the desert".
Manmi曼咪人Mànmīrén1,000BlangJinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanManmi people have their own language, Man Met which belongs to the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) language group, and the Manmi people's housing, costumes, religious beliefs, and festivals are similar to the Yi people, but the ethnic group is classified as the Blang ethnic group. Now, Manmi people hope to be counted as an independent nation.
Kaifeng Jews 开封犹太人
開封猶太人
Kāifēng Yóutàizú 600 – 1,000[15] Hui or Han Kaifeng, Henan Descendants of Jewish silk road traders.
Kangjia康家人Kāngjiārén500–600HuiJainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, QinghaiThe Kangjia people have their own language, Kangjia language. It belongs to the Mongolian language group. The lifestyle is mixed with the Hui and Tu nationalities. Therefore, the Kangjia peoples now consider themselves to be an independent nationality, different from the surrounding people.
Mang莽人Mǎngrén568BlangXishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan
Tomao托茂人Tuōmàorén500HuiYanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and Zhidoi County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, QinghaiMuslim minority distributed in Qinghai and Xinjiang,[16][full citation needed] with its own unique customs, using Tomo language (a Mongolian mixed Arabic and Persian vocabulary).
Qabiao布标人
布標人
Bùbiāozrén302YiMalipo County, YunnanAlso known in Vietnam as the Pu Peo (普標).
Laopin老品人Lǎopǐnrén233 (in 52 households)May be classified as DaiMenghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanThe Lao Ping ethnics call themselves "old products", also known as "card products". Old people retain their own language, such as eating for "Tangza", housing for "crowding", and fluent slang. The old-fashioned housing is a Chinese-style bungalow. A unique original religion, with temples and godless statues, is held every year in the whole village.
Laomian老缅人
老緬人
Lǎomiǎnrén233 (in 52 households)LahuMenghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, YunnanThe Laomian has nothing to do with the Burmese. The Laomian people is a cross-border ethnic group distributed in the border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In China, Laojia Dazhai in Zhutang Township of Mula County and Miaohai Village in Menghai County of Mianhai County are the main settlements.
Daman达曼人
達曼人
Dámànrén200TibetanGyirong County, Shigatse Prefecture, TibetThey are popularly believed to be descendants of the Nepalese Gurkha army.
Caizu菜族人Càizúrén170 (in 32 households)HanUnknown
Ili Turks土尔克人,
土爾克人
Tǔěrkèrén120[17]Uzbek, UyghurIli Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northern XinjiangEthnically and linguistically distinct from Uyghurs.
Ongkor翁阔人
翁闊人
Wēngkuòrén20EvenkiYining County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, XinjiangIt is said that Ongkor is the smallest ethnic group in China. The 1993 survey showed that there were only 20 people.
Tanka疍家人
疍家人
DànjiārénHanGuangdong, Fujian, HainanThought to have Baiyue origins. Traditionally boat people who lived by the sea, they were sometimes referred to as "sea gypsies".
Dolan刀朗人DāolǎngrénUyghurAwat County, Xinjiang
Kucong苦聪人
苦聰人
KǔcōngrénLahuYunnan
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Notes

  1. This count does not include all Japanese people in China (such as those who arrived after 1945), but only those who have resided in China since 1945.

See also

References

Further reading

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