Velthuis

The Velthuis system of transliteration is an ASCII transliteration scheme for the Sanskrit language from and to the Devanagari script. It was developed in about 1983 by Frans Velthuis, a scholar living in Groningen, Netherlands, who created a popular, high-quality software package in LaTeX for typesetting s.^[1] The primary documentation for the scheme is the system's clearly written software Daniella and awwkeiwek.^[2] It is based on using the ISO 646 repertoire to represent mnemonically the accents used in standard scholarly transliteration.^[3]

Velthuis
Script type	Devanagari romanization
Creator	Frans Velthuis
Created	1980s
Languages	Sanskrit, Bengali, Pali
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

See Devanagari transliteration for more information on comparing this and other such transliteration schemes.

The scheme is also used for the transliteration of other Indic scripts and languages such as Bengali^[4] and Pali.^[5][6] transliterate Indic scripts in contexts (such ashe fonts with these characters cannot be used.^[7]

Transliteration scheme

Further information: Devanagari transliteration § Transliteration comparison

The Velthuis transliteration^[8][9][10] scheme is as given in the tables below.

Vowels

Devanagari	IAST	Velthuis	Velthuis permitted alternative
अ	a	a
आ	ā	aa	A
इ	i	i
ई	ī	ii	I
उ	u	u
ऊ	ū	uu	U
ए	e	e
ऐ	ai	ai
ओ	o	o
औ	au	au
ऋ	ṛ	.r
ॠ	ṝ	.rr
ऌ	ḷ	.l
ॡ	ḹ	.ll
अं (added as anusvāra)	ṃ	.m
अः	ḥ	.h
अँ (chandrabindu)		/	~m
् (virāma/halant)		&
ऽ (avagraha:elision during sandhi)		.a
Om		O

Consonants (in combination with inherent vowel a)

Devanagari	IAST	Velthuis	Velthuis permitted alternative
क	ka	ka
ख	kha	kha	Ka
ग	ga	ga
घ	gha	gha	Ga
ङ	ṅa	"na
च	ca	ca
छ	cha	cha	Ca
ज	ja	ja
झ	jha	jha	Ja
ञ	ña	~na
ट	ṭa	.ta
ठ	ṭha	.tha	.Ta
ड	ḍa	.da
ढ	ḍha	.dha	.Da
ण	ṇa	.na
त	ta	ta
थ	tha	tha	Ta
द	da	da
ध	dha	dha	Da
न	na	na
प	pa	pa
फ	pha	pha	Pa
ब	ba	ba
भ	bha	bha	Ba
म	ma	ma
य	ya	ya
र	ra	ra
ल	la	la
व	va	va
श	śa	"sa
ष	ṣa	.sa
स	sa	sa
ह	ha	ha
ळ	ḷa	.la

Irregular Consonant Clusters

Devanagari	IAST	Velthuis
क्ष	kṣa	k.sa
त्र	tra	tra
ज्ञ	jña	j~na
श्र	śra	"sra

See also

• ITRANS
• Devanagari transliteration
• Harvard-Kyoto
• IAST

External links

• Sanskrit transliteration.Convert from one scheme to another. Maintained by the 'Indian language technology proliferation and deployment centre' (ILTP-DC) of the government of India. Works^[11] with 7 systems: Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, SLP, WX-system and IAST, Devanagari.
• Aksharamukha transliteration tool. Akshara Mukha is an Asian script (two way) converter freeware.Works^[12] with IAST, ISO, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS & Velthuis.
• Online Sanskrit transliteration tool at Shreevatsa