Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate

The voiced dental non-sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ð⟩, ⟨d͜ð⟩, ⟨d̪͡ð⟩, and ⟨d̟͡ð⟩.

Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate
dð
d̪ð
𝼟
Audio sample
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The sound is a frequent allophone of /ð/.

Features

Features of the voiced dental non-sibilant affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal. Note that most stops and liquids described as dental are actually denti-alveolar.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Burmese[1]		အညာသား	[ʔəɲàd̪͡ðá]	'grand'	Common realization of /ð/.[1]
English	Dublin[2]	they	[d̪͡ðeɪ̯]	'they'	Corresponds to [ð] in other dialects; may be [d̪] instead.[2]
	New York[3]				Corresponds to [ð] in other dialects, may be a stop [d̪] or a fricative [ð] instead.[3][4]
	Cajun[4]
	New Zealand[5]		[d̪͡ðæe̯]		Possible realization of /ð/.[5] See New Zealand English phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles