Voiced epiglottal affricate

The voiced epiglottal affricate ([ʡ͜ʢ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as an epiglottal stop [ʡ] and released as a voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Voiced epiglottal affricate
ʡ͜ʢ
ʡʢ
IPA number	173 174
Audio sample
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Features

Features of the voiced epiglottal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Haida	Hydaburg dialect[1]	[example needed]			May be a stop [ʡ] or voiceless affricate [ʡ͜ʜ] instead.[1]
Somali		cad	[ʡ͜ʢaʔ͜t]	'white'	Only pronounced [ʡ͜ʢ] when 'c' occurs initially, otherwise realized as [ʡ][2]