Yugh language

Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.^[5] It went extinct by 1972.^[1] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,^[2] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.^[6] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,^[7] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,^[8] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.^[4]

Yugh
Sym Ket, Yug
Дьук Ďuk
Pronunciation	[ɟuk]
Native to	Russia
Region	Yenisei River
Ethnicity	7 Yughs (2020)
Extinct	1972[1] 2–3 nonfluent speakers (1991)[2][3] 3 (2020)[4]
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Yeniseian Ketic Yugh
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: yug – Yug yuu – Yugh (deprecated)
Linguist List	yug
Glottolog	yugh1239 yugh1240  additional bibliography
ELP	Yug
Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Numerals in Yeniseian languages

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels of Yugh^[9]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i [i]	ɨ [ɨ]	u [u]
Close-mid	e [e]	ə [ə]	o [o]
Open-mid	ɛ [ɛ]	ʌ [ʌ]	ɔ [ɔ]
Open		a [a]

Consonants

Consonants of Yugh^[9]

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal
Plosive	voiceless	p [p]	t [t]	tʼ [tʲ]	k [k]	(q [q])	ʔ [ʔ]
	voiced	b [b]	d [d]	dʼ [dʲ]	g [g]
Fricative	voiceless	f [f]	s [s]/š [ʃ]/šʼ [ʃʲ]			χ [χ]
	voiced	(v [v])	z [z]/ž [ʒ]/žʼ [ʒʲ]	j [j]	[ɣ]	(R [ʁ])
Affricate			(c [t͡s])	čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal		m [m]	n [n]	nʼ [nʲ]	ŋ [ŋ]
Trill			[r]
Lateral			l [l]/lʼ [lʲ]