ἐρυθρός - Wikiwand

FWOTD – 29 June 2020

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *erutʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.

Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀬𐀲𐀨 (e-ru-ta-ra). Cognates include Russian рёдрый (rjódryj), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, and Proto-Germanic *raudaz (English red). Note that Greek is the only branch to preserve the sound of the laryngeal *h₁ at the beginning of the word, which became ε (e).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.ry.tʰrós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.ryˈtʰros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.ryˈθros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.ryˈθros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.riˈθros/

Adjective

ἐρῠθρός • (erŭthrós) m (feminine ἐρῠθρᾱ́, neuter ἐρῠθρόν); first/second declension

reddish, red
Synonym: πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.365–367:
  ᾰ̓́λλον δ’ ἐνθένδε χρῡσὸν καὶ χᾰλκὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ἠδὲ γῠναῖκᾰς ἐῠ̈ζώνους πολῐόν τε σῐ́δηρον ᾰ̓́ξομαι
  ắllon d’ enthénde khrūsòn kaì khălkòn erŭthròn ēdè gŭnaîkăs eŭ̈zṓnous polĭón te sĭ́dēron ắxomai
  From there I will bring more gold and red bronze and fair-girdled women and much iron
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.165–166:
  αὐτᾰ̀ρ ἐγὼ σῖτον καὶ ῠ̔́δωρ καὶ οἶνον ἐρῠθρὸν ἐνθήσω μενοεικέ’
  autằr egṑ sîton kaì hŭ́dōr kaì oînon erŭthròn enthḗsō menoeiké’
  And I'll put satisfying food and water and red wine on [the boat]
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 449–450:
  εὑρήσεις δέ με πᾶσῐν ἐπ’ ἔργμᾰσῐν ὥσπερ ᾰ̓́πεφθον χρῡσὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ῐ̓δεῖν τρῑβόμενον βᾰσᾰ́νῳ
  heurḗseis dé me pâsĭn ep’ érgmăsĭn hṓsper ắpephthon khrūsòn erŭthròn ĭdeîn trībómenon băsắnōi
  You will find me in all my actions like refined gold, red to the eye when rubbed against a touchstone

Inflection

First and second declension of ἐρῠθρός; ἐρῠθρᾱ́; ἐρῠθρόν (Attic)

More information Number, Singular ...

Number		Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἐρῠθρός erŭthrós	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́	ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón		ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́	ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθροί erŭthroí	ἐρῠθραί erŭthraí	ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ
Genitive		ἐρῠθροῦ erŭthroû	ἐρῠθρᾶς erŭthrâs	ἐρῠθροῦ erŭthroû		ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn	ἐρῠθραῖν erŭthraîn	ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn	ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn	ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn	ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn
Dative		ἐρῠθρῷ erŭthrōî	ἐρῠθρᾷ erŭthrāî	ἐρῠθρῷ erŭthrōî		ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn	ἐρῠθραῖν erŭthraîn	ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn	ἐρῠθροῖς erŭthroîs	ἐρῠθραῖς erŭthraîs	ἐρῠθροῖς erŭthroîs
Accusative		ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ν erŭthrā́n	ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón		ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́	ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθρούς erŭthroús	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ς erŭthrā́s	ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ
Vocative		ἐρῠθρέ erŭthré	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́	ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón		ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́	ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ	ἐρῠθροί erŭthroí	ἐρῠθραί erŭthraí	ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ
Derived forms		Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
	ἐρῠθρῶς erŭthrôs		ἐρῠθρότερος erŭthróteros		ἐρῠθρότᾰτος erŭthrótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

δῐέρῠθρος (dĭérŭthros)
ἐνέρῠθρος (enérŭthros)
ἐξέρῠθρος (exérŭthros)
ἐρῠθρᾰ́δῐον (erŭthrắdĭon)
ἐρῠθραίνομαι (erŭthraínomai)
ἐρῠθραίνω (erŭthraínō)
ἐρῠθραῖος (erŭthraîos)
ἐρῠθρᾰνός (erŭthrănós)
ἐρῠ́θρημᾰ (erŭ́thrēmă)
ἐρῠθρῐ́ᾱς (erŭthrĭ́ās)
ἐρῠθρῖνος (erŭthrînos)
ἐρῠθρῐ́ς (erŭthrĭ́s)
ἐρῠθροβᾰφής (erŭthrobăphḗs)
ἐρῠθρόβωλος (erŭthróbōlos)
ἐρῠθρόγρᾰμμος (erŭthrógrămmos)
ἐρῠθροδᾰ́κτῠλος (erŭthrodắktŭlos)
ἐρῠθρόδᾰνον (erŭthródănon)
ἐρῠθροειδής (erŭthroeidḗs)
ἐρῠθροκᾰ́ρδῐος (erŭthrokắrdĭos)
ἐρῠθροκομῐ́ς (erŭthrokomĭ́s)
ἐρῠθρόλευκος (erŭthróleukos)
ἐρῠθρομέλᾱς (erŭthromélās)
ἐρῠθρόνῐον (erŭthrónĭon)
ἐρῠθρόξᾰνθος (erŭthróxănthos)
ἐρῠθροποίκῐλος (erŭthropoíkĭlos)
ἐρῠθρόπους (erŭthrópous)
ἐρῠθροπρόσωπος (erŭthroprósōpos)
ἐρῠθρότης (erŭthrótēs)
ἐρῠθρόχλωρος (erŭthrókhlōros)
ἐρῠθρόχροος (erŭthrókhroos)
ἐρῠθρώδης (erŭthrṓdēs)
λευκέρῠθρος (leukérŭthros)
ῠ̔περέρῠθρος (hŭperérŭthros)
ῠ̔πέρῠθρος (hŭpérŭthros)

Descendants

→ English: erythro-
Greek: ερυθρός (erythrós)
⇒ Translingual: Erythresthes, Erythranthe

Colors in Ancient Greek · χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmătă) (layout · text)
λευκός (leukós)	γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (kĭllós), πολῐός (polĭós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	ᾰ̓μαυρός (ămaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (kărū́kĭnos), κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphnĭnos)	μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xănthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kăláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huăkĭ́nthĭnos)
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

References

“ἐρυθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐρυθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐρυθρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐρυθρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἐρυθρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἐρυθρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2063 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- florid idem, page 329.
- lurid idem, page 505.
- red idem, page 684.
- ruddy idem, page 724.

Ancient Greek