‏درس

See also: د ر س

Arabic

Root
د ر س (d r s)
9 terms

Etymology 1.1

According to Geiger meanings of interpreting pettily much, the meaning “deuteln”, specifically in Qurʔān 6:105 and Qurʔān 6:156, are a semantic loan from Hebrew דָּרַשׁ (dāráš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da.ra.sa/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I (non-past يَدْرُسُ (yadrusu), verbal noun دَرْس (dars) or دِرَاس (dirās) or دِرَاسَة (dirāsa))

1. to erase, to efface, to obliterate, to wipe out, to make hard to see
2. to thresh, to flail
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:

     وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.

     wa-ʔammā l-muṣannabu fayuʔḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʔi l-ʕaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʕmadu ʔilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʔ min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʔaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʕalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʕalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʔaʕlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʕaqida.

     In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.

3. to study, to learn

   يَدْرُسُ ٱلْهَنْدَسَةَ فِي ٱلْجَامِعَةِ.

   yadrusu l-handasata fī l-jāmiʕati.

   He studies engineering at the university.

Conjugation

Conjugation of دَرَسَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal nouns دَرْس, دِرَاس, دِرَاسَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						دَرْس, دِرَاس, دِرَاسَة dars, dirās, dirāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						دَارِس dāris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَدْرُوس madrūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَرَسْتُ darastu	دَرَسْتَ darasta	دَرَسَ darasa		دَرَسْتُمَا darastumā	دَرَسَا darasā		دَرَسْنَا darasnā	دَرَسْتُمْ darastum	دَرَسُوا darasū
	f		دَرَسْتِ darasti	دَرَسَتْ darasat			دَرَسَتَا darasatā			دَرَسْتُنَّ darastunna	دَرَسْنَ darasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدْرُسُ ʔadrusu	تَدْرُسُ tadrusu	يَدْرُسُ yadrusu		تَدْرُسَانِ tadrusāni	يَدْرُسَانِ yadrusāni		نَدْرُسُ nadrusu	تَدْرُسُونَ tadrusūna	يَدْرُسُونَ yadrusūna
	f		تَدْرُسِينَ tadrusīna	تَدْرُسُ tadrusu			تَدْرُسَانِ tadrusāni			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدْرُسَ ʔadrusa	تَدْرُسَ tadrusa	يَدْرُسَ yadrusa		تَدْرُسَا tadrusā	يَدْرُسَا yadrusā		نَدْرُسَ nadrusa	تَدْرُسُوا tadrusū	يَدْرُسُوا yadrusū
	f		تَدْرُسِي tadrusī	تَدْرُسَ tadrusa			تَدْرُسَا tadrusā			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدْرُسْ ʔadrus	تَدْرُسْ tadrus	يَدْرُسْ yadrus		تَدْرُسَا tadrusā	يَدْرُسَا yadrusā		نَدْرُسْ nadrus	تَدْرُسُوا tadrusū	يَدْرُسُوا yadrusū
	f		تَدْرُسِي tadrusī	تَدْرُسْ tadrus			تَدْرُسَا tadrusā			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُدْرُسْ udrus			اُدْرُسَا udrusā				اُدْرُسُوا udrusū
	f		اُدْرُسِي udrusī							اُدْرُسْنَ udrusna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُرِسْتُ duristu	دُرِسْتَ durista	دُرِسَ durisa		دُرِسْتُمَا duristumā	دُرِسَا durisā		دُرِسْنَا durisnā	دُرِسْتُمْ duristum	دُرِسُوا durisū
	f		دُرِسْتِ duristi	دُرِسَتْ durisat			دُرِسَتَا durisatā			دُرِسْتُنَّ duristunna	دُرِسْنَ durisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدْرَسُ ʔudrasu	تُدْرَسُ tudrasu	يُدْرَسُ yudrasu		تُدْرَسَانِ tudrasāni	يُدْرَسَانِ yudrasāni		نُدْرَسُ nudrasu	تُدْرَسُونَ tudrasūna	يُدْرَسُونَ yudrasūna
	f		تُدْرَسِينَ tudrasīna	تُدْرَسُ tudrasu			تُدْرَسَانِ tudrasāni			تُدْرَسْنَ tudrasna	يُدْرَسْنَ yudrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدْرَسَ ʔudrasa	تُدْرَسَ tudrasa	يُدْرَسَ yudrasa		تُدْرَسَا tudrasā	يُدْرَسَا yudrasā		نُدْرَسَ nudrasa	تُدْرَسُوا tudrasū	يُدْرَسُوا yudrasū
	f		تُدْرَسِي tudrasī	تُدْرَسَ tudrasa			تُدْرَسَا tudrasā			تُدْرَسْنَ tudrasna	يُدْرَسْنَ yudrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدْرَسْ ʔudras	تُدْرَسْ tudras	يُدْرَسْ yudras		تُدْرَسَا tudrasā	يُدْرَسَا yudrasā		نُدْرَسْ nudras	تُدْرَسُوا tudrasū	يُدْرَسُوا yudrasū
	f		تُدْرَسِي tudrasī	تُدْرَسْ tudras			تُدْرَسَا tudrasā			تُدْرَسْنَ tudrasna	يُدْرَسْنَ yudrasna

Verb

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I (non-past يَدْرُسُ (yadrusu), verbal noun دُرُوس (durūs))

1. to become erased, to become effaced, to become obliterated, to become wiped out, to become hard to see

Conjugation

Conjugation of دَرَسَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal noun دُرُوس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						دُرُوس durūs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						دَارِس dāris
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَرَسْتُ darastu	دَرَسْتَ darasta	دَرَسَ darasa		دَرَسْتُمَا darastumā	دَرَسَا darasā		دَرَسْنَا darasnā	دَرَسْتُمْ darastum	دَرَسُوا darasū
	f		دَرَسْتِ darasti	دَرَسَتْ darasat			دَرَسَتَا darasatā			دَرَسْتُنَّ darastunna	دَرَسْنَ darasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدْرُسُ ʔadrusu	تَدْرُسُ tadrusu	يَدْرُسُ yadrusu		تَدْرُسَانِ tadrusāni	يَدْرُسَانِ yadrusāni		نَدْرُسُ nadrusu	تَدْرُسُونَ tadrusūna	يَدْرُسُونَ yadrusūna
	f		تَدْرُسِينَ tadrusīna	تَدْرُسُ tadrusu			تَدْرُسَانِ tadrusāni			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدْرُسَ ʔadrusa	تَدْرُسَ tadrusa	يَدْرُسَ yadrusa		تَدْرُسَا tadrusā	يَدْرُسَا yadrusā		نَدْرُسَ nadrusa	تَدْرُسُوا tadrusū	يَدْرُسُوا yadrusū
	f		تَدْرُسِي tadrusī	تَدْرُسَ tadrusa			تَدْرُسَا tadrusā			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدْرُسْ ʔadrus	تَدْرُسْ tadrus	يَدْرُسْ yadrus		تَدْرُسَا tadrusā	يَدْرُسَا yadrusā		نَدْرُسْ nadrus	تَدْرُسُوا tadrusū	يَدْرُسُوا yadrusū
	f		تَدْرُسِي tadrusī	تَدْرُسْ tadrus			تَدْرُسَا tadrusā			تَدْرُسْنَ tadrusna	يَدْرُسْنَ yadrusna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُدْرُسْ udrus			اُدْرُسَا udrusā				اُدْرُسُوا udrusū
	f		اُدْرُسِي udrusī							اُدْرُسْنَ udrusna

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dar.ra.sa/

Verb

دَرَّسَ • (darrasa) II (non-past يُدَرِّسُ (yudarrisu), verbal noun تَدْرِيس (tadrīs))

1. (ditransitive) to teach, to educate

Conjugation

Conjugation of دَرَّسَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَدْرِيس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَدْرِيس tadrīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُدَرِّس mudarris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُدَرَّس mudarras
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَرَّسْتُ darrastu	دَرَّسْتَ darrasta	دَرَّسَ darrasa		دَرَّسْتُمَا darrastumā	دَرَّسَا darrasā		دَرَّسْنَا darrasnā	دَرَّسْتُمْ darrastum	دَرَّسُوا darrasū
	f		دَرَّسْتِ darrasti	دَرَّسَتْ darrasat			دَرَّسَتَا darrasatā			دَرَّسْتُنَّ darrastunna	دَرَّسْنَ darrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَرِّسُ ʔudarrisu	تُدَرِّسُ tudarrisu	يُدَرِّسُ yudarrisu		تُدَرِّسَانِ tudarrisāni	يُدَرِّسَانِ yudarrisāni		نُدَرِّسُ nudarrisu	تُدَرِّسُونَ tudarrisūna	يُدَرِّسُونَ yudarrisūna
	f		تُدَرِّسِينَ tudarrisīna	تُدَرِّسُ tudarrisu			تُدَرِّسَانِ tudarrisāni			تُدَرِّسْنَ tudarrisna	يُدَرِّسْنَ yudarrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَرِّسَ ʔudarrisa	تُدَرِّسَ tudarrisa	يُدَرِّسَ yudarrisa		تُدَرِّسَا tudarrisā	يُدَرِّسَا yudarrisā		نُدَرِّسَ nudarrisa	تُدَرِّسُوا tudarrisū	يُدَرِّسُوا yudarrisū
	f		تُدَرِّسِي tudarrisī	تُدَرِّسَ tudarrisa			تُدَرِّسَا tudarrisā			تُدَرِّسْنَ tudarrisna	يُدَرِّسْنَ yudarrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَرِّسْ ʔudarris	تُدَرِّسْ tudarris	يُدَرِّسْ yudarris		تُدَرِّسَا tudarrisā	يُدَرِّسَا yudarrisā		نُدَرِّسْ nudarris	تُدَرِّسُوا tudarrisū	يُدَرِّسُوا yudarrisū
	f		تُدَرِّسِي tudarrisī	تُدَرِّسْ tudarris			تُدَرِّسَا tudarrisā			تُدَرِّسْنَ tudarrisna	يُدَرِّسْنَ yudarrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دَرِّسْ darris			دَرِّسَا darrisā				دَرِّسُوا darrisū
	f		دَرِّسِي darrisī							دَرِّسْنَ darrisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُرِّسْتُ durristu	دُرِّسْتَ durrista	دُرِّسَ durrisa		دُرِّسْتُمَا durristumā	دُرِّسَا durrisā		دُرِّسْنَا durrisnā	دُرِّسْتُمْ durristum	دُرِّسُوا durrisū
	f		دُرِّسْتِ durristi	دُرِّسَتْ durrisat			دُرِّسَتَا durrisatā			دُرِّسْتُنَّ durristunna	دُرِّسْنَ durrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَرَّسُ ʔudarrasu	تُدَرَّسُ tudarrasu	يُدَرَّسُ yudarrasu		تُدَرَّسَانِ tudarrasāni	يُدَرَّسَانِ yudarrasāni		نُدَرَّسُ nudarrasu	تُدَرَّسُونَ tudarrasūna	يُدَرَّسُونَ yudarrasūna
	f		تُدَرَّسِينَ tudarrasīna	تُدَرَّسُ tudarrasu			تُدَرَّسَانِ tudarrasāni			تُدَرَّسْنَ tudarrasna	يُدَرَّسْنَ yudarrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَرَّسَ ʔudarrasa	تُدَرَّسَ tudarrasa	يُدَرَّسَ yudarrasa		تُدَرَّسَا tudarrasā	يُدَرَّسَا yudarrasā		نُدَرَّسَ nudarrasa	تُدَرَّسُوا tudarrasū	يُدَرَّسُوا yudarrasū
	f		تُدَرَّسِي tudarrasī	تُدَرَّسَ tudarrasa			تُدَرَّسَا tudarrasā			تُدَرَّسْنَ tudarrasna	يُدَرَّسْنَ yudarrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَرَّسْ ʔudarras	تُدَرَّسْ tudarras	يُدَرَّسْ yudarras		تُدَرَّسَا tudarrasā	يُدَرَّسَا yudarrasā		نُدَرَّسْ nudarras	تُدَرَّسُوا tudarrasū	يُدَرَّسُوا yudarrasū
	f		تُدَرَّسِي tudarrasī	تُدَرَّسْ tudarras			تُدَرَّسَا tudarrasā			تُدَرَّسْنَ tudarrasna	يُدَرَّسْنَ yudarrasna

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dars/

Noun

دَرْس • (dars) m (plural دُرُوس (durūs))

1. verbal noun of دَرَسَ (darasa) (form I)
2. study, studies
3. lesson
4. class, class hour, period
5. lecture

Declension

Declension of noun دَرْس (dars)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	دَرْس dars	الدَّرْس ad-dars	دَرْس dars
nominative	دَرْسٌ darsun	الدَّرْسُ ad-darsu	دَرْسُ darsu
accusative	دَرْسًا darsan	الدَّرْسَ ad-darsa	دَرْسَ darsa
genitive	دَرْسٍ darsin	الدَّرْسِ ad-darsi	دَرْسِ darsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	دَرْسَيْن darsayn	الدَّرْسَيْن ad-darsayn	دَرْسَيْ darsay
nominative	دَرْسَانِ darsāni	الدَّرْسَانِ ad-darsāni	دَرْسَا darsā
accusative	دَرْسَيْنِ darsayni	الدَّرْسَيْنِ ad-darsayni	دَرْسَيْ darsay
genitive	دَرْسَيْنِ darsayni	الدَّرْسَيْنِ ad-darsayni	دَرْسَيْ darsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	دُرُوس durūs	الدُّرُوس ad-durūs	دُرُوس durūs
nominative	دُرُوسٌ durūsun	الدُّرُوسُ ad-durūsu	دُرُوسُ durūsu
accusative	دُرُوسًا durūsan	الدُّرُوسَ ad-durūsa	دُرُوسَ durūsa
genitive	دُرُوسٍ durūsin	الدُّرُوسِ ad-durūsi	دُرُوسِ durūsi

Descendants

• → Armenian: դարս (dars) (Karadagh)
• → Azerbaijani: dərs
• → Bashkir: дәрес (dəres)
• → Hausa: dar̃àsī
• → Kazakh: дәріс (därıs)
• → Kyrgyz: дарыс (darıs)
• → Nogai: дерис (deris)
• → Northern Kurdish: ders
• → Ottoman Turkish: درس (ders)
  • Turkish: ders
  • → Albanian: ders
  • → Laz: დერსი (dersi)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: де̏рс

    Latin script: dȅrs

• → Persian: درس (dars)
• → Swahili: darasa
• → Tatar: дәрес (däres)
• → Turkmen: ders
• → Uyghur: دەرس (ders)
• → Uzbek: dars

Etymology 1.4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dirs/

Noun

دِرْس • (dirs) m (plural أَدْرَاس (ʔadrās))

1. relic, trace, mark (of a thing effaced)
2. tail

Declension

Declension of noun دِرْس (dirs)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	دِرْس dirs	الدِّرْس ad-dirs	دِرْس dirs
nominative	دِرْسٌ dirsun	الدِّرْسُ ad-dirsu	دِرْسُ dirsu
accusative	دِرْسًا dirsan	الدِّرْسَ ad-dirsa	دِرْسَ dirsa
genitive	دِرْسٍ dirsin	الدِّرْسِ ad-dirsi	دِرْسِ dirsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	دِرْسَيْن dirsayn	الدِّرْسَيْن ad-dirsayn	دِرْسَيْ dirsay
nominative	دِرْسَانِ dirsāni	الدِّرْسَانِ ad-dirsāni	دِرْسَا dirsā
accusative	دِرْسَيْنِ dirsayni	الدِّرْسَيْنِ ad-dirsayni	دِرْسَيْ dirsay
genitive	دِرْسَيْنِ dirsayni	الدِّرْسَيْنِ ad-dirsayni	دِرْسَيْ dirsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَدْرَاس ʔadrās	الْأَدْرَاس al-ʔadrās	أَدْرَاس ʔadrās
nominative	أَدْرَاسٌ ʔadrāsun	الْأَدْرَاسُ al-ʔadrāsu	أَدْرَاسُ ʔadrāsu
accusative	أَدْرَاسًا ʔadrāsan	الْأَدْرَاسَ al-ʔadrāsa	أَدْرَاسَ ʔadrāsa
genitive	أَدْرَاسٍ ʔadrāsin	الْأَدْرَاسِ al-ʔadrāsi	أَدْرَاسِ ʔadrāsi

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “درس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 433
• Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902), Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, pages 50–51
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “درس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 870–871.
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “درس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 321

Baluchi

Etymology

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Noun

درس • (darsun)

1. lesson

See also

• سبک (sabak)
• سبق (sabaq)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars, “lesson, lecture”).

Noun

درس • (ders) (definite accusative درسی (dersi), plural دروس (dürus))

1. lesson, a section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided

   Synonym: سبق (sebek)

2. lecture, an oral presentation intended to present information about a particular subject

   Synonym: محاضره (muhâzara)

Derived terms

• درس آلمق (ders almak, “to take lessons”)
• درس اوقومق (ders okumak, “to study a lesson”)
• درس ایتمك (ders etmek, “to study”)
• درس ترتیباتی (ders tertibâtı, “lesson's program”)
• درس عبرت (ders-i ʼibret, “mind-blowing, eye-opening”)
• درس علم (ders-i ʼilm, “public lecture by a professor”)
• درس ویرمك (ders vermek, “to give a lesson”)
• درسخان (dershân, “student”)
• درسخانه (dershâne, “classroom”)
• درسدن چیقارمق (dersden çıkarmak, “to come out from a lecture”)
• درسه باقمق (derse bakmak, “to attend a lesson”)
• درسی (dersî, “pertaining to a lesson or lecture”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ders
• → Albanian: ders
• → Laz: დერსი (dersi)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: де̏рс

  Latin script: dȅrs

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “درس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 735
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ders”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1175
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “ders”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 210
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “درس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎ (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 569
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Lectio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 928
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “درس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2055
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ders”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “درس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 896

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈdaɾs/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɹs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɹs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äɹs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äɹs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æɹs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɹs]

Readings
Classical reading?	dars
Dari reading?	dars
Iranian reading?	dars
Tajik reading?	dars

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

درس • (dars) (Tajik spelling дарс)

1. lesson

   Synonym: آموزه (āmōza / âmuze)

   درس اول ― dars-e avval ― first lesson

2. lecture
3. (agriculture) threshing, act of separation of grain from the straw or husks by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery.

Inflection

Basic forms of درس

	singular	plural
bare	درس (dars)	درس‌ها، درسا△ (dars-hấ, darsấ△)
definitive direct object	درس را، درس رو△ (dars râ, darso△)	درس‌ها را، درسا رو△ (dars-hấ râ, darsấ ro△)
ezâfe	درس (dars-e)	درس‌های، درسای△ (dars-hấ-ye, darsấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	درسی (dars-i)	درس‌هایی، درسایی△ (darsấn-i, dars-hấ-i, darsấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• درس خواندن (dars xwāndan / dars xândan)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
د ر س
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic دَرَسَ (darasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da.ras/, [ˈda.ras]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

درس • (daras) I (present بدرس (bodros))

1. to study

   لازم ندرس الموضوع منيح. ― lāzem nodros il-mawḍūʕ mnīḥ. ― We must study the subject well.

2. (by extension) to learn

   Synonym: تعلم (tʕallam)

Conjugation

Conjugation of درس

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	درست (darast)	درست (darast)	درس (daras)		درسنا (darasna)	درستو (darastu)	درسو (darasu)
	f		درستي (darasti)	درست (darsat)
present	m	بدرس (badros)	بتدرس (btodros)	بدرس (bodros)		مندرس (mnodros)	بتدرسو (btodrosu)	بدرسو (bodrosu)
	f		بتدرسي (btodrosi)	بتدرس (btodros)
subjunctive	m	أدرس (ʔadros)	تدرس (todros)	يدرس (yodros)		ندرس (nodros)	تدرسو (todrosu)	يدرسو (yodrosu)
	f		تدرسي (todrosi)	تدرس (todros)
imperative	m		ادرس (odros)				ادرسو (odrosu)
	f		ادرسي (odrosi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dars/, [dars]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

درس • (dars) m (plural دروس (drūs))

1. lesson
2. study