分析

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng)	to separate; to divide; to analyse
trad. (分析)		分	析
simp. #(分析)		分	析

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēnxī

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ sik¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fûn-sit

  (Hailu, HRS): fun^ˋ sid

• Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng-sék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hun-sek / hun-siak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ sêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹fen-shiq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēnxī → fēnxi (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄒㄧ → ㄈㄣ ˙ㄒㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fensi̊
    • Wade–Giles: fên¹-hsi⁵
    • Yale: fēn-syi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fen.shi
    • Palladius: фэньси (fɛnʹsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/ → /fən⁵⁵ ɕi²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fan¹ sik¹
    • Yale: fān sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-sit
    • Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˊ xid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴ sit̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˋ sid
    • Sinological IPA: /fun⁵³ sit⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)nɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-sek
    • Tâi-lô: hun-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunseg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-siak
    • Tâi-lô: hun-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hunsiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ siak̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung¹ sêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung sek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³⁻²³ sek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹fen-shiq
    • MiniDict: fen^平 shih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹fen-xiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fən⁵⁵ ɕiɪʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: pjun sek

Rime
Character	分	析
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	府文切	先擊切
Baxter	pjun	sek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/sek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/sek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/sɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/sɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/sek̚/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/siek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/siek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan1	sik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n]  [s]ˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn  seːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	析
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ sek ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*[s]ˁek/
English	divide	split (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	析
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	13316
Phonetic component	分	析
Rime group	文	錫
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	錫
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*seːɡ/

Verb

分析

1. to analyze; to review

   分析問題／分析问题  ―  fēnxī wèntí  ―  to analyze a problem

2. to parse
3. (Classical, literally) to separate; to divide

Synonyms

• (to analyze):

edit

• 剖 (literary, or in compounds)
• 剖析 (pōuxī)
• 拆解 (chāijiě)
• 疏通 (shūtōng) (literary)
• 解析 (jiěxī)
• 通釋 / 通释 (tōngshì) (literary)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to analyze”): 綜合／综合 (zōnghé)

Noun

分析

1. analysis; review (Classifier: 個／个 m)

   需求分析  ―  xūqiú fēnxī  ―  demand analysis

   原因分析  ―  yuányīn fēnxī  ―  cause analysis

   光譜分析／光谱分析  ―  guāngpǔ fēnxī  ―  spectrum analysis

2. parsing (Classifier: 個／个 m)

Derived terms

• 個案分析 / 个案分析
• 元分析 (yuánfēnxī)
• 光譜分析 / 光谱分析
• 分析儀 / 分析仪 (fēnxīyí)
• 分析化學 / 分析化学 (fēnxī huàxué)
• 分析員 / 分析员 (fēnxīyuán)
• 分析家 (fēnxījiā)
• 分析師 / 分析师 (fēnxīshī)
• 分析性 (fēnxīxìng)
• 分析法
• 分析者 (fēnxīzhě)
• 分析語 / 分析语 (fēnxīyǔ)
• 化學分析 / 化学分析 (huàxué fēnxī)
• 圖形分析 / 图形分析
• 基本分析
• 定性分析 (dìngxìng fēnxī)
• 定量分析 (dìngliàng fēnxī)
• 實分析 / 实分析 (shífēnxī)
• 工作分析
• 工程分析
• 彈痕分析 / 弹痕分析
• 成本效益分析
• 技術分析 / 技术分析 (jìshùfēnxī)
• 指紋分析 / 指纹分析
• 政治分析
• 政策分析
• 數值分析 / 数值分析 (shùzhí fēnxī)
• 焰色分析
• 空間分析 / 空间分析
• 精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
• 系統分析 / 系统分析
• 話語分析 / 话语分析 (huàyǔ fēnxī)
• 語篇分析 / 语篇分析 (yǔpiān fēnxī)
• 隨機分析 / 随机分析 (suíjī fēnxī)

References

• “分析”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	析
ぶん Grade: 2	せき Grade: S
goon	kan'on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 分析 (fēnxī, “to separate, divide or split apart; to reason; to justify”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぶんせき [bùńsékí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

Noun

分(ぶん)析(せき) • (bunseki) 

1. (mathematics, chemistry) analysis

Derived terms

• 分析官(ぶんせきかん) (bunsekikan, “analyst”)
• 分析器(ぶんせきき) (bunsekiki, “analyzer, analysis device”)

Verb

分(ぶん)析(せき)する • (bunseki suru) suru (stem 分(ぶん)析(せき)し (bunseki shi), past 分(ぶん)析(せき)した (bunseki shita))

1. to analyze

   徹底的(てっていてき)に分析(ぶんせき)する必要(ひつよう)がある。

   Tetteiteki ni bunseki suru hitsuyō ga aru.

   We need to analyze the facts thoroughly.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "分析する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	分析し	ぶんせきし	bunseki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	分析し	ぶんせきし	bunseki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	分析する	ぶんせきする	bunseki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	分析する	ぶんせきする	bunseki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	分析すれ	ぶんせきすれ	bunseki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	分析せよ¹ 分析しろ²	ぶんせきせよ¹ ぶんせきしろ²	bunseki seyo¹ bunseki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	分析される	ぶんせきされる	bunseki sareru
Causative	分析させる 分析さす	ぶんせきさせる ぶんせきさす	bunseki saseru bunseki sasu
Potential	分析できる	ぶんせきできる	bunseki dekiru
Volitional	分析しよう	ぶんせきしよう	bunseki shiyō
Negative	分析しない	ぶんせきしない	bunseki shinai
Negative continuative	分析せず	ぶんせきせず	bunseki sezu
Formal	分析します	ぶんせきします	bunseki shimasu
Perfective	分析した	ぶんせきした	bunseki shita
Conjunctive	分析して	ぶんせきして	bunseki shite
Hypothetical conditional	分析すれば	ぶんせきすれば	bunseki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Descendants

• → Chinese: 分析 (fēnxī)
• → Korean: 분석 (bunseok)
• → Vietnamese: phân tích

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
分	析

Noun

分析 • (bunseok) (hangeul 분석)

1. hanja form^? of 분석 (“analysis”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
分	析

Verb

分析

1. chữ Hán form of phân tích (“to analyze”)