天然

More information day; sky; heaven, so; thus; like thisso; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right ...

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiānrán

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ jin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thiên-yèn / thiên-yàn

(Hailu, HRS): tien^ˋ rhan
Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-iòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng¹ zeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thian-liân / thian-jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiang¹ riang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹thi-zoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiānrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tianrán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-jan²
  - Yale: tyān-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianran
  - Palladius: тяньжань (tjanʹžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: tīn yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˋ rhan
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰien⁵³ ʒan⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋyoŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teng¹ zeng² [Phonetic: teng⁵ neng²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teng-céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)nɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teng¹ zeng² [Phonetic: teng⁵ neng²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)nɛŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-liân
  - Tâi-lô: thian-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienlieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: thian-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tienjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiang¹ riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiang jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹thi-zoe
  - MiniDict: thi^平 zoe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thi-zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵⁵ zø²¹/

Adjective

天然

(attributive) natural (produced by nature)
天然雜質／天然杂质 ― tiānrán zázhì ― natural impurity

天然種植。／天然种植。 ― Tiānrán zhòngzhí. ― Grown naturally.

Usage notes

天然 (tiānrán) can only be used as an attributive to describe things that are literally produced by nature. Unlike the usual term for natural, 自然 (zìrán), it cannot be graded or used figuratively.

Synonyms

自然 (zìrán)

Derived terms

天然免疫
天然國界 / 天然国界
天然林 (tiānránlín)
天然果汁
天然橋 / 天然桥
天然橡膠 / 天然橡胶
天然毒素
天然氣 / 天然气 (tiānránqì)
天然淘汰
天然災害 / 天然灾害
天然煤氣 / 天然煤气 (tiānrán méiqì)
天然瓦斯
天然磁鐵 / 天然磁铁
天然纖維 / 天然纤维
天然色素
天然資源 / 天然资源 (tiānrán zīyuán)
天然鈾 / 天然铀
液化天然氣 / 液化天然气 (yèhuà tiānránqì)
純天然 / 纯天然 (chúntiānrán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天然):

→ Japanese: 天然(てんねん) (tennen)
→ Korean: 천연(天然) (cheonyeon)
→ Vietnamese: thiên nhiên (天然)

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “天然”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 533.
“Entry #809”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Chinese