潛

See also: 潜 and 濳

潛 U+6F5B, 潛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F5B ← 潚 [U+6F5A] CJK Unified Ideographs 潜 → [U+6F5C]

Translingual

Han character

潛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水一山日 (EMUA), four-corner 3416₁, composition ⿰氵朁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18240
• Dae Jaweon: page 1059, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1740, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6F5B

Chinese

trad.		潛
simp.		潜
2nd round simp.		汘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 潛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簪	*ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	*sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁	*sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	*zlom, *zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlom, *zloms): semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián, qiǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ, ㄑㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): cièng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²
    • Yale: chyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien³
    • Yale: chyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cim⁴
    • Yale: chìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiam²
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯am¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕiam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ciáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zieng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâm
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zhi
    • MiniDict: zhi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzjem, dzjemH

Rime
Character	潛	潛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昨鹽切	慈豔切
Baxter	dzjem	dzjemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇm/	/d͡ziᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛm/	/d͡ziɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjæm/	/d͡zjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziam/	/d͡ziamH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛm/	/d͡ziɛmH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛm/	/d͡zĭɛmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛm/	/d͡zʱi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cim4	zim6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz][o]m/, /*[dz][o]m-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlom/, /*zloms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	潛	潛	潛
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qián	qián	qián
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjem ›	‹ dzjem ›	‹ dzjemH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz][o]m/	/*[dz][o]m/	/*[dz][o]m-s/
English	go under water	驩潛 Khwārazm (region in Central Asia, W. Hàn)	to hide; secretly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潛	潛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6709	6710
Phonetic component	兓	兓
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	潛	潛
Old Chinese	/*zlom/	/*zloms/

Definitions

潛

1. to go under water; to move under water
2. to hide; to conceal
3. to live in seclusion
4. to make a concentrated effort
5. hidden; secret
6. latent
7. secretly; stealthily
8. a surname

Compounds

• 匿跡潛形 / 匿迹潜形
• 反潛 / 反潜
• 戢鱗潛翼 / 戢鳞潜翼
• 捲款潛逃 / 卷款潜逃
• 核潛艇 / 核潜艇 (héqiántǐng)
• 核能潛艇 / 核能潜艇
• 沉潛剛克 / 沉潜刚克
• 浮潛 / 浮潜 (fúqián)
• 潛伏 / 潜伏 (qiánfú)
• 潛伏分子 / 潜伏分子
• 潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
• 潛伏期 / 潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
• 潛修 / 潜修
• 潛入 / 潜入 (qiánrù)
• 潛力 / 潜力 (qiánlì)
• 潛勢 / 潜势
• 潛包禍謀 / 潜包祸谋
• 潛匿 / 潜匿
• 潛圖問鼎 / 潜图问鼎
• 潛在 / 潜在 (qiánzài)
• 潛在危機 / 潜在危机
• 潛夫論 / 潜夫论
• 潛居 / 潜居
• 潛山隱市 / 潜山隐市
• 潛師 / 潜师
• 潛形 / 潜形
• 潛形匿跡 / 潜形匿迹
• 潛影 / 潜影 (qiányǐng)
• 潛德 / 潜德
• 潛心 / 潜心 (qiánxīn)
• 潛意識 / 潜意识
• 潛望鏡 / 潜望镜 (qiánwàngjìng)
• 潛步 / 潜步 (qiánbù)
• 潛水 / 潜水 (qiánshuǐ)
• 潛水刀 / 潜水刀
• 潛水員 / 潜水员 (qiánshuǐyuán)
• 潛水炸彈 / 潜水炸弹
• 潛水病 / 潜水病
• 潛水肺 / 潜水肺
• 潛水艇 / 潜水艇 (qiánshuǐtǐng)
• 潛水衣 / 潜水衣 (qiánshuǐyī)
• 潛水鐘 / 潜水钟
• 潛江 / 潜江 (Qiánjiāng)
• 潛泳 / 潜泳 (qiányǒng)
• 潛流 / 潜流 (qiánliú)
• 潛潛等等 / 潜潜等等
• 潛灌 / 潜灌
• 潛熱 / 潜热 (qiánrè)
• 潛盤 / 潜盘
• 潛盾工法 / 潜盾工法
• 潛神默思 / 潜神默思
• 潛神默記 / 潜神默记
• 潛移 / 潜移 (qiányí)
• 潛移暗化 / 潜移暗化
• 潛移陰奪 / 潜移阴夺
• 潛移默化 / 潜移默化 (qiányímòhuà)
• 潛移默奪 / 潜移默夺
• 潛移默運 / 潜移默运
• 潛聽 / 潜听
• 潛能 / 潜能 (qiánnéng)
• 潛艇 / 潜艇 (qiántǐng)
• 潛藏 / 潜藏 (qiáncáng)
• 潛虛 / 潜虚
• 潛蛟困鳳 / 潜蛟困凤
• 潛行 / 潜行 (qiánxíng)
• 潛蹤 / 潜踪 (qiánzōng)
• 潛蹤隱跡 / 潜踪隐迹
• 潛身 / 潜身
• 潛身遠禍 / 潜身远祸
• 潛身遠跡 / 潜身远迹
• 潛身遠遁 / 潜身远遁
• 潛躲 / 潜躲 (qiánduǒ)
• 潛逃 / 潜逃 (qiántáo)
• 潛道 / 潜道
• 潛避 / 潜避 (qiánbì)
• 潛邸 / 潜邸
• 潛骸竄影 / 潜骸窜影
• 潛鴨 / 潜鸭 (qiányā)
• 潛龍 / 潜龙
• 潛龍伏虎 / 潜龙伏虎
• 潛龍勿用 / 潜龙勿用
• 狐潛鼠伏 / 狐潜鼠伏
• 生物潛能 / 生物潜能
• 畏罪潛逃 / 畏罪潜逃
• 發展潛力 / 发展潜力
• 白髮郎潛 / 白发郎潜
• 等等潛潛 / 等等潜潜
• 躡足潛蹤 / 蹑足潜踪
• 遁跡潛形 / 遁迹潜形
• 遠引深潛 / 远引深潜
• 郎潛白髮 / 郎潜白发
• 陶潛三徑 / 陶潜三径
• 陶潛五柳 / 陶潜五柳
• 飛潛 / 飞潜
• 飛潛動植 / 飞潜动植
• 驅潛艦 / 驱潜舰
• 龍潛 / 龙潜 (lóngqián)

Japanese

Shinjitai	潜
Kyūjitai	潛

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 潛

潛

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潜)

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)^{←ぜん (zen, historical)←ぜむ (zemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: かくれる (kakureru, 潛れる)、くぐる (kuguru, 潛る)、ひそむ (hisomu, 潛む)、ひそめる (hisomeru, 潛める)、もぐる (moguru, 潛る)
• Nanori: すみ (sumi)

Korean

Hanja

潛 (eumhun 무자맥질할 잠 (mujamaekjilhal jam))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

潛: Hán Việt readings: tiềm
潛: Nôm readings: tiềm, tèm, tỉm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.