盟

盟 U+76DF, 盟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76DF ← 盞 [U+76DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 盠 → [U+76E0]

Translingual

Han character

盟 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月月廿 (ABBT), four-corner 6710₇, composition ⿱明皿)

Derived characters

• 擝, 𤀄, 𨞚, 𦡉, 𬏾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 795, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23024
• Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2565, character 7
• Unihan data for U+76DF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		盟
alternative forms		𥁰 𧖸 𥂗 𧖽 𢄾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 盟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (明) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
莔	*mraːŋ, *qʰɯd
明	*mraŋ
盟	*mraŋ, *mraːŋs
萌	*mreːŋ
奣	*ʔmraːŋʔ

Oracle bone script (𥁰): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs): semantic 囧 + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ).

Bronze inscriptions (𥂗): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs): phonetic 朙 + semantic 皿. 月 was added to 𥁰. 朙 is an ancient form of 明, and now this character (盟) is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs): phonetic 明 (OC *mraŋ) + semantic 皿.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): méng (meng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min², mong²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mang⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang³

• Gan (Wiktionary): min⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mèn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mên²

• Jin (Wiktionary): meng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): měng
• Eastern Min (BUC): mèng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶men; ⁶min
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: méng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: méng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng²
    • Yale: méng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: min², mong²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min, mung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹ moŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mang⁴
    • Yale: màhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: meng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbaŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: min⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: men^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men²
    • Sinological IPA: /men¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mên²
    • Sinological IPA: /mɛn¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: měng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛiŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
    • Tâi-lô: bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶men; ⁶min
    • MiniDict: men^去; min^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³men; ³min
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mən²³/, /min²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: min²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 盟 (同盟)
Mandarin	Beijing	/məŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/məŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/məŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/məŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/məŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/məŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/məŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/mə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/məŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/mə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/mɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/min²¹³/
	Chengdu	/min³¹/ /moŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/min²¹/ 老 /moŋ²¹/ 新
	Kunming	/moŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/mən²⁴/
	Hefei	/məŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/məŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/miŋ¹³/ /məŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/mə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/məŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/mən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/men²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/meŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/miʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/man⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/min¹³/
	Xiangtan	/min¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/min⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/men¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/men¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/mɐŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/mɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/biŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/mɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/meiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/meŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/moŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjaeng

Rime
Character	盟
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武兵切
Baxter	mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	盟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	méng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*mraŋ/
English	covenant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	盟
Reading #	1/2
No.	9189
Phonetic component	明
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	明
Old Chinese	/*mraŋ/

Definitions

盟

1. to swear; to pledge
2. oath; covenant; alliance
3. league (administrative unit in Inner Mongolia)

Compounds

• 不結盟 / 不结盟
• 主盟
• 乞盟
• 侯馬盟書 / 侯马盟书
• 割臂以盟
• 割臂盟
• 割臂盟公
• 加盟 (jiāméng)
• 加盟店 (jiāméngdiàn)
• 劫盟
• 匱盟 / 匮盟
• 同盟 (tóngméng)
• 同盟國 / 同盟国 (tóngméngguó)
• 同盟會 / 同盟会 (tóngménghuì)
• 同盟者 (tóngméngzhě)
• 國際聯盟 / 国际联盟 (Guójì Liánméng)
• 城下之盟 (chéngxiàzhīméng)
• 大同盟
• 姊妹盟
• 定盟
• 家族同盟
• 寒盟
• 屢盟 / 屡盟
• 山盟海誓 (shānménghǎishì)
• 拜盟 (bàiméng)
• 指地為盟 / 指地为盟
• 指水盟松
• 攻守同盟 (gōngshǒu tóngméng)
• 敗盟 / 败盟
• 普奧同盟 / 普奥同盟
• 曹柯之盟
• 會盟 / 会盟 (huìméng)
• 柯盟
• 桃園盟 / 桃园盟
• 歃血為盟 / 歃血为盟 (shàxuèwéiméng)
• 歃血而盟
• 海誓山盟 (hǎishìshānméng)
• 渝盟
• 潰盟 / 溃盟
• 澶淵之盟 / 澶渊之盟
• 盟主 (méngzhǔ)
• 盟兄弟 (méngxiōngdì)
• 盟友 (méngyǒu)
• 盟國 / 盟国 (méngguó)
• 盟府
• 盟戰 / 盟战
• 盟旗制度
• 盟書 / 盟书
• 盟約 / 盟约 (méngyuē)
• 盟誓
• 盟軍 / 盟军 (méngjūn)
• 盟邦 (méngbāng)
• 盟長 / 盟长 (méngzhǎng)
• 盟墨
• 神聖同盟 / 神圣同盟 (Shénshèng Tóngméng)
• 結盟 / 结盟 (jiéméng)
• 締盟 / 缔盟
• 聯盟 / 联盟 (liánméng)
• 蒞盟 / 莅盟
• 西歐聯盟 / 西欧联盟
• 要盟
• 訂盟 / 订盟
• 詛盟 / 诅盟
• 誓山盟海
• 誓海盟山
• 車笠之盟 / 车笠之盟
• 部落同盟
• 金石之盟
• 鷗盟 / 鸥盟
• 齊盟 / 齐盟
• 齧臂盟 / 啮臂盟

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mèng (meng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maang⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng⁴
    • Yale: mèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maang⁶
    • Yale: maahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: maengH

Rime
Character	盟
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫更切
Baxter	maengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/mɐŋH/
Wang Li	/mɐŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	盟
Reading #	2/2
No.	9190
Phonetic component	明
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孟
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋs/

Definitions

盟

1. only used in 盟津, alternative form of 孟津 (Mèngjīn)

References

• “盟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “盟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.