-έω

Alternative forms

-είω (-eíō) — Epic (etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os))
-ῶ (-ô) — contracted

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti

Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)

There are five main sources:

Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō)
Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron)
Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō).
Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō)
Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.o/

Suffix

-έω • (-éō)

Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).

Usage notes

If the root lemma is a noun, then -έω is a denominative suffix, if an adjective -έω is a stative suffix, if a verb -έω is a causative or frequentive suffix.

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-έω	-έεις	-έει	-έετον	-έετον	-έομεν	-έετε	-έουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	-έω	-έῃς	-έῃ	-έητον	-έητον	-έωμεν	-έητε	-έωσῐ(ν)
	optative	-έοιμῐ	-έοις	-έοι	-έοιτον	-εοίτην	-έοιμεν	-έοιτε	-έοιεν
	imperative		-εε	-εέτω	-έετον	-εέτων		-έετε	-εόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	-έομαι	-έῃ / -έει	-έεται	-έεσθον	-έεσθον	-εόμεθᾰ	-έεσθε	-έονται
	subjunctive	-έωμαι	-έῃ	-έηται	-έησθον	-έησθον	-εώμεθᾰ	-έησθε	-έωνται
	optative	-εοίμην	-έοιο	-έοιτο	-έοισθον	-εοίσθην	-εοίμεθᾰ	-έοισθε	-έοιντο
	imperative		-έου	-εέσθω	-έεσθον	-εέσθων		-έεσθε	-εέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		-έειν				-έεσθαι
participle	m	-έων				-εόμενος
	f	-έουσᾰ				-εομένη
	n	-έον				-εόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ῶ	-εῖς	-εῖ	-εῖτον	-εῖτον	-οῦμεν	-εῖτε	-οῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	-ῶ	-ῇς	-ῇ	-ῆτον	-ῆτον	-ῶμεν	-ῆτε	-ῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	-οίην / -οῖμῐ	-οίης / -οῖς	-οίη / -οῖ	-οῖτον / -οίητον	-οίτην / -οιήτην	-οῖμεν / -οίημεν	-οῖτε / -οίητε	-οῖεν / -οίησᾰν
	imperative		-ει	-είτω	-εῖτον	-είτων		-εῖτε	-ούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	-οῦμαι	-εῖ, -ῇ	-εῖται	-εῖσθον	-εῖσθον	-ούμεθᾰ	-εῖσθε	-οῦνται
	subjunctive	-ῶμαι	-ῇ	-ῆται	-ῆσθον	-ῆσθον	-ώμεθᾰ	-ῆσθε	-ῶνται
	optative	-οίμην	-οῖο	-οῖτο	-οῖσθον	-οίσθην	-οίμεθᾰ	-οῖσθε	-οῖντο
	imperative		-οῦ	-είσθω	-εῖσθον	-είσθων		-εῖσθε	-είσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		-εῖν				-εῖσθαι
participle	m	-ῶν				-ούμενος
	f	-οῦσᾰ				-ουμένη
	n	-οῦν				-ούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-εον	-εες	-εε(ν)	-έετον	-εέτην	-έομεν	-έετε	-εον
middle/ passive	indicative	-εόμην	-έου	-έετο	-έεσθον	-εέσθην	-εόμεθᾰ	-έεσθε	-έοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ουν	-εις	-ει	-εῖτον	-είτην	-οῦμεν	-εῖτε	-ουν
middle/ passive	indicative	-ούμην	-οῦ	-εῖτο	-εῖσθον	-είσθην	-ούμεθᾰ	-εῖσθε	-οῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Inflection

Derived terms

References