arcela

Old Irish

Etymology

From air- +‎ ceilid (“to hide”). The verb became weak (and gained delenited ll in various prototonic forms) due to the influence of the unrelated verbs like do·airchella (“to encompass”) and do·ella (“to take away, steal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɾˈkʲe.la/

Verb

ar·cela (verbal noun airchellad)

1. to take away, steal

   Synonym: gataid

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9^c23

     .i. ar·celith ar chách et di·oiprid chách.

     You take away from everyone, and you defraud everyone.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 26^b19

     .i. aras·celatais ar écin do fomair [fomair is an unintelligible hapax] doib inna bochtu ⁊ inna dommu.

     They used to seize them by force to [serve???] the poor and needy.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 202^b7

     .i. as mmé m'oínur arid·rochell, ar mad ego nammá as·berad, bes nobed nach aile leis oc in(n)d airchellad amal ṡodain.

     i.e. that it was me alone who took it away, since if only ego was said, perhaps there could have been another person with him at the taking-away in that case.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	deut.	ar·celim		ara·chela (relative)		ar·celith	ara·chelat (relative)
	prot.							·ercheltar
imperfect indicative	deut.						aras·celatais (with infixed pronoun s-)
	prot.
preterite	deut.
	prot.
perfect	deut.			arid·rochell (with infixed pronoun d-)				ar·roichled
	prot.
future	deut.			ara·chelfea (relative)
	prot.
conditional	deut.
	prot.
present subjunctive	deut.			ara·chela (relative)
	prot.
past subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
imperative
verbal noun		airchellad
past participle
verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Middle Irish: ar·cela

Mutation

Mutation of ar·cela

radical	lenition	nasalization
ar·cela	ar·chela	ar·cela pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arcela”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language