crenaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷrinati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti, nasal present stem of *kʷreyh₂- (“to buy”).

Cognate with Middle Cornish prena, Breton prenañ, Welsh prynu, Ancient Greek ἐπριάμην (epriámēn), Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti) (root क्री (krī)), Old East Slavic кренути (krenuti), Tocharian B käry-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲɾʲe.nəðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈkʲɾʲe.nɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈkʲɾʲe.nɨðʲ]

Verb

crenaid (conjunct ·cren, verbal noun críth or creicc)

1. to buy, purchase
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29^d23

     Fo besad fir trebuir crenas tíir día chlainnd cid risíu ro·bǽ cland les, is samlid ar·robert-som ar n-ícc ni cid risíu ro·beimmis etir.

     In the same manner as a prudent man who buys land for his children even before he could have them, [God] has intended for our salvation even before we existed at all.

   • Bretha im Fuillema Gell, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 375-424, page 392

     Ro·saig sét clithair enech bó-airech coruicce cumal n-uinge, nó boin nuda·criad, ar is i cetna cumal ceta·rabai fo bith.

     Sét clithair [working cows?] comes up to be the [best] honour of a cowman up to a cumal of an ounce, or a cow that it could buy, for that it is the first cumal that first came into existence.

Conjugation

Simple, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite, i future, a subjunctive

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	abs.			crenaid
	conj.	·crenaim		·cren			·crenat	·crenar
	rel.			crenas				crenar
imperfect indicative				·crenad
preterite	abs.
	conj.	·cér		·ciúir				·críth
	rel.
perfect	deut.
	prot.
future	abs.
	conj.	·cíur
	rel.
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.			crieid				crethir
	conj.	·créu	·crie, ·criae	·crïa	·crïam		·crïat	·crether
	rel.						crete		cretir
past subjunctive			·cretha	·crïad			·cretis	·crethe
imperative			cren	crïad				crenar
verbal noun
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• do·aithchren
• fo·cren
• in·cren

Descendants

• Irish: crean

Mutation

Mutation of crenaid

radical	lenition	nasalization
crenaid	chrenaid	crenaid pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crenaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language