endure

See also: enduré

English

Alternative forms

• enduer, indure (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Old Latin en

Latin in

Latin in-

Proto-Italic *dūros

Latin dūrūs

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin dūrō

Latin indūrō

Latin indūrāreder.

Old French endurerbor.

Middle English enduren

English endure

From Middle English enduren, from Old French endurer, from Latin indūrō (“to make hard”). Displaced Old English drēogan, which survives dialectally as dree. Doublet of dure.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)
  • (yod-coalescence, without the pour–poor merger) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/, [ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)]
  • (yod-coalescence, pour–poor merger) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/
  • (without the yod-coalescence, without the pour–poor merger) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊə(ɹ)/, [ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)]
  • (without the yod-coalescence, pour–poor merger) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/, /ɪnˈdɝ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)

Verb

endure (third-person singular simple present endures, present participle enduring, simple past and past participle endured)

1. (intransitive) To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist.

   Synonyms: carry on, plug away; see also Thesaurus:persevere

   The singer's popularity endured for decades.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XVIII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 30:

     […] The life that almost dies in me:
     That dies not, but endures with pain,
     ⁠And slowly forms the firmer mind,
     ⁠Treasuring the look it cannot find,
     The words that are not heard again.

2. (transitive) To tolerate or put up with something unpleasant.

   Synonyms: bear, thole, take; see also Thesaurus:tolerate

3. (intransitive) To last.

   Synonyms: go on, hold on, persist; see also Thesaurus:persist

   Our love will endure forever.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 8:15, column 2:

     He ſhall leane vpon his houſe, but it ſhall not ſtand: he ſhal hold it faſt, but it ſhall not endure.

4. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

   Synonyms: resist, survive, withstand

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 22:14, column 1:

     Can thine heart indure, or can thine hands be ſtrong in the dayes that I ſhall deale with thee?

5. (transitive) To suffer patiently.

   Synonyms: accept, thole, withstand

   He endured years of pain.

   • 2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.

6. (obsolete) To indurate.

Derived terms

• co-endure
• coendure
• endurability
• endurable
• outendure
• unendured

Related terms

• endurance
• enduring
• enduro
• duress

Translations

to continue despite obstacles

Albanian: qëndroj (sq) Arbëresh: psonj Arabic: Egyptian Arabic: دام (dām) Armenian: please add this translation if you can Aromanian: aravdu Azerbaijani: dözmək (az) Bulgarian: издържам (bg) (izdǎržam) Catalan: aguantar (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 承受 (zh) (chéngshòu), 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu) Czech: vytrvat Danish: holde (da), vare (da) Dutch: voortduren (nl) Esperanto: elteni Finnish: kestää (fi) French: endurer (fr), perdurer (fr) Galician: aguantar (gl), perdurar (gl) Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba), თმენა (tmena), მოთმენა (motmena) German: ertragen (de), aushalten (de) Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gabeidan), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan) Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho) Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō) Hungarian: kitart (hu) Ido: durar (io) Italian: durare (it), restare (it), resistere (it), perdurare (it) Japanese: 耐える (ja) (たえる, taeru) Kaitag: буца́ра impf (bucára), бурца́ра pf (burcára) Khmer: ទ្រាំ (km) (trŏəm), ស៊ូទ្រាំ (suutrŏəm) Ladin: tenì ora Latin: perpetior, habeo (la) Lithuanian: atlaikyti, atsilaikyti Maori: taimau Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe) Mongolian: please add this translation if you can Norman: enduther Norwegian: Bokmål: holde ut Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc) Polish: wytrzymać (pl) pf Portuguese: aguentar (pt), prevalecer (pt) Romanian: îndura (ro), răbda (ro) Russian: выде́рживать (ru) impf (vydérživatʹ), вы́держать (ru) pf (výderžatʹ), терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti) Spanish: aguantar (es), perdurar (es), persistir (es), turar Telugu: నిలబడు (te) (nilabaḍu), నిలుచు (te) (nilucu) Thai: please add this translation if you can Urdu: قائم رہنا (qāim rehnā) Vietnamese: trụ (vi), tồn tại (vi)

to tolerate something

Albanian: lejo Arabic: تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala), صَبَرَ (ar) (ṣabara) Moroccan Arabic: صبر (ṣbar) Belarusian: цярпе́ць impf (cjarpjécʹ), трыва́ць impf (tryvácʹ), выно́сіць impf (vynósicʹ), вы́несці pf (výnjesci) Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), понасям (bg) (ponasjam) Chinese: Mandarin: 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu) Czech: snášet (cs) Danish: udholde, tåle Dutch: verdragen (nl) Finnish: kestää (fi), sietää (fi) French: supporter (fr) Galician: tolerar (gl), aguantar (gl) Georgian: მოთმენა (motmena), თმენა (tmena), გაძლება (gaʒleba) German: dulden (de) Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho), ανέχομαι (el) (anéchomai), υπομένω (el) (ypoméno) Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō) Hungarian: elvisel (hu), kibír (hu) Icelandic: þola (is) Ingrian: terppiä Irish: iompair Italian: tollerare (it), sopportare (it) Japanese: たえる (ja) (taeru) Korean: 견디다 (ko) (gyeondida), 참다 (ko) (chamda) Latin: perpetior, tolerō Lithuanian: tverti (lt), ištverti Maori: koromaki, whakataumaha, whakaririka Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe) Norwegian: Bokmål: utstå Occitan: endurar (oc), soportar Old Church Slavonic: Cyrillic: трьпѣти impf (trĭpěti) Old East Slavic: тьрпѣти impf (tĭrpěti) Ottoman Turkish: گوتورمك (götürmek) Portuguese: aguentar (pt), suportar (pt) Romanian: tolera (ro), îngădui (ro), suporta (ro) Russian: терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti), переноси́ть (ru) impf (perenosítʹ), перенести́ (ru) pf (perenestí) Spanish: tolerar (es), consentir (es), condescender (es), sobrellevar (es), endurar (es) Swedish: tåla (sv) Telugu: ఓర్చు (te) (ōrcu), భరించు (te) (bhariñcu) Tocharian B: käl- Ukrainian: терпі́ти impf (terpíty), вите́рплювати impf (vytérpljuvaty), зазнава́ти impf (zaznaváty), зазна́ти pf (zaznáty), вино́сити impf (vynósyty), ви́нести pf (výnesty) Urdu: برداشت کرنا (bardasht karna), قائم رہنا (qaeem rehna) Vietnamese: chịu đựng (vi) Walloon: edurer (wa)

to last

Albanian: rroj (sq) Arabic: اِسْتَمَرَّ (istamarra) Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), продължавам (bg) (prodǎlžavam) Catalan: durar (ca), perdurar (ca) Danish: vare (da), leve (da) Esperanto: daŭri Finnish: kestää (fi) Galician: durar (gl) Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba) German: von Bestand sein, dauern (de) Ido: durar (io) Italian: durare (it) Korean: 버티다 (ko) (beotida) Norwegian: Bokmål: vare (no) Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc) Polish: trwać (pl) impf Portuguese: durar (pt), resistir (pt) Romanian: dura (ro) Scottish Gaelic: seas Spanish: durar (es), turar (disused), perdurar (es) Urdu: جھیلنا (jhelna) Walloon: durer (wa)

to suffer patiently

Bulgarian: изтърпявам (bg) (iztǎrpjavam) Danish: døje, udholde, holde ud Dutch: doorstaan (nl) Esperanto: suferi (eo) Finnish: kärsiä (fi) Galician: aguantar (gl) Greek: υπομένω (el) (ypoméno), αντέχω (el) (antécho), τραβάω (el) (traváo), εγκαρτερώ (el) (egkarteró) Ancient Greek: πάσχω (páskhō) Ido: subisar (io) Indonesian: menderita (id) Irish: iompair Italian: sopportare (it), tollerare (it), soffrire di Maori: whakataumaha, whakataimaha Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe) Norwegian: Bokmål: utstå, holde ut med, utholde Occitan: endurar (oc) Old English: ādrēogan, drēogan, þrōwian, æfnan Polish: przeżyć (pl) pf, przeżywać (pl) impf, przetrwać (pl) pf Portuguese: sofrer (pt), aguentar (pt) Spanish: sobrellevar (es) Swedish: genomlida (sv), utstå (sv) Urdu: بھگتنا (bhugatnaa)

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “endure”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

• durene, enduer, enured, reuned

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.dyʁ/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• rendue

Spanish

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative