erde

See also: Appendix:Variations of "erde"

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /erˈde/ [ʔɛɾˈdɛ]
• Hyphenation: er‧de

Verb

erdé (causative eyreddé, frequentative eramerdé)

1. (intransitive) run

Conjugation

Conjugation of erde (type I verb)
		1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular		1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
				m	f
perfective	V-affirmative	erdéh	terdéh	yerdéh	terdéh	nerdéh	terdeeníh	yerdeeníh
	N-affirmative	erdé	terdé	yerdé	terdé	nerdé	terdén	yerdén
	negative	máardinniyo	máardinnito	máardinna	máardinna	máardinnino	máardinniton	máardinnon
imperfective	V-affirmative	ardéh	tardéh	yardéh	tardéh	nardéh	tardeeníh	yardeeníh
	N-affirmative	ardé	tardé	yardé	tardé	nardé	tardén	yardén
	negative	máarda	mátarda	máyarda, míyarda	mátarda	mánarda	mátardan	máyardan, míyardan
prospective	V-affirmative	ardéliyoh, ardéyyoh	ardélitoh, ardéttoh	ardéleh	ardéleh	ardélinoh, ardénnoh	ardélitoonuh, ardéttoonuh	ardéloonuh
	N-affirmative	ardéliyo, ardéyyo	ardélito, ardétto	ardéle	ardéle	ardélino, ardénno	ardéliton, ardétton	ardélon
conjunctive I	V-affirmative	árduh	tárduh	yárduh	tárduh	nárduh	tardóonuh	yardóonuh
	N-affirmative	árdu	tárdu	yárdu	tárdu	nárdu	tardón	yardón
	negative	ardé wáyuh	ardé wáytuh	ardé wáyuh	ardé wáytuh	ardé wáynuh	ardé waytóonuh	ardé wóonuh
conjunctive II	V-affirmative	ardénkeh	tardénkeh	yardénkeh	tardénkeh	nardénkeh	tardeenínkeh	yardeenínkeh
	N-affirmative	ardénke	tardénke	yardénke	tardénke	nardénke	tardeenínke	yardeenínke
	negative	ardé wáankeh	ardé waytánkeh	ardé wáankeh	ardé waytánkeh	ardé waynánkeh	ardé waytaanankéh	ardé waanánkeh
jussive	affirmative	árday	tárday	yárday	tárday	nárday	tardóonay	yardóonay
	negative	ardé wáay	ardé wáytay	ardé wáay	ardé wáytay	ardé wáynay	ardé waytóonay	ardé wóonay
past conditional	affirmative	ardinniyóy	ardinnitóy	ardinnáy	ardinnáy	ardinninóy	ardinnitoonúy	ardinnoonúy
	negative	ardé wanniyóy	ardé wannitóy	ardé wannáy	ardé wannáy	ardé wanninóy	ardé wannitoonúy	ardé wannoonúy
present conditional I	affirmative	erdék	terdék	yerdék	terdék	nerdék	terdeeník	yerdeeník
	negative	ardé wéek	ardé wayték	ardé wéek	ardé wayték	ardé waynék	ardé wayteeník	ardé weeník
		singular	plural			singular	plural
consultative	affirmative	ardóo	nardóo	imperative	affirmative	eréd	eréda
	negative	maardóo	manardóo		negative	máardin	máardina
-h converb	-i form	-k converb	-in(n)uh converb	-innuk converb	infinitive	indefinite participle
						V-focus	N-focus
árdih	árdi	árduk	ardínnuh	ardínnuk	ardíyya	ardinnáanih	ardinnáan
Compound tenses past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké imperfect potential II affirmative imperfective + -m + takké negative ardé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké perfect potential affirmative perfective + -m + takké negative ardé + perfective of wée + -m + takké present conditional II affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék negative ardé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék perfect conditional affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k irrealis ardé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “erde”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

German

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Verb

erde

1. inflection of erden:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. singular imperative
   3. first/third-person singular subjunctive I

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛrdə/

Noun

erde f

1. the Earth
2. soil, ground

Inflection

Weak feminine noun

	singular	plural
nominative	erde	—
accusative	erde	—
genitive	erde, erden	—
dative	erde, erden	—

Alternative forms

• āerde
• ēerde

Descendants

• Dutch: aarde, aard
  • Afrikaans: aarde
  • Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
  • → Indonesian: arde
• Limburgish: aerd, aerj

Further reading

• “erde”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “erde”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

erde

1. alternative form of erthe

Etymology 2

Noun

erde

1. alternative form of erd

Middle High German

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German ërda, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈɛrdə/

Noun

ërde f

1. earth

Declension

Declension of ërde (weak feminine)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	diu	ërde	die	ërden
genitive	einer	dër	ërden	dër	ërden
dative	einer	dër	ërden	dën	ërden
accusative	eine	die	ërden	die	ërden

Declension of ërde (strong feminine in -e)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	diu	ërde	die	ërde
genitive	einer	dër	ërde	dër	ërden
dative	einer	dër	ërde	dën	ërden
accusative	eine	die	ërde	die	ërde

Descendants

• Alemannic German: Ëërde
• Bavarian: Erd, Erdn

  Cimbrian: èerda

• Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd (Moselle Franconian), Äerd

  Hunsrik: Äerd

  Kölsch: Äd

• German: Erde
• Luxembourgish: Äerd
• Rhine Franconian: Erd

  Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht

• Vilamovian: aod
• Yiddish: ערד (erd)

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “ërde”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Turkish

Noun

erde

1. locative singular of er