excrucio

Latin

Etymology

From ex- (“out of, from”) +‎ cruciō (“crucify; torture, torment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɛkˈskrʊ.ki.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ekˈskruː.t͡ʃi.o]

Verb

excruciō (present infinitive excruciāre, perfect active excruciāvī, supine excruciātum); first conjugation

1. to torment greatly, torture, rack, plague; afflict, distress, harass, vex
2. to force out by torturing, extort

Conjugation

   Conjugation of excruciō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	excruciō		excruciās		excruciat		excruciāmus		excruciātis		excruciant
	imperfect	excruciābam		excruciābās		excruciābat		excruciābāmus		excruciābātis		excruciābant
	future	excruciābō		excruciābis		excruciābit		excruciābimus		excruciābitis		excruciābunt
	perfect	excruciāvī		excruciāvistī		excruciāvit		excruciāvimus		excruciāvistis		excruciāvērunt, excruciāvēre
	pluperfect	excruciāveram		excruciāverās		excruciāverat		excruciāverāmus		excruciāverātis		excruciāverant
	future perfect	excruciāverō		excruciāveris		excruciāverit		excruciāverimus		excruciāveritis		excruciāverint
passive	present	excrucior		excruciāris, excruciāre		excruciātur		excruciāmur		excruciāminī		excruciantur
	imperfect	excruciābar		excruciābāris, excruciābāre		excruciābātur		excruciābāmur		excruciābāminī		excruciābantur
	future	excruciābor		excruciāberis, excruciābere		excruciābitur		excruciābimur		excruciābiminī		excruciābuntur
	perfect	excruciātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	excruciātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	excruciātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	excruciem		excruciēs		excruciet		excruciēmus		excruciētis		excrucient
	imperfect	excruciārem		excruciārēs		excruciāret		excruciārēmus		excruciārētis		excruciārent
	perfect	excruciāverim		excruciāverīs		excruciāverit		excruciāverīmus		excruciāverītis		excruciāverint
	pluperfect	excruciāvissem		excruciāvissēs		excruciāvisset		excruciāvissēmus		excruciāvissētis		excruciāvissent
passive	present	excrucier		excruciēris, excruciēre		excruciētur		excruciēmur		excruciēminī		excrucientur
	imperfect	excruciārer		excruciārēris, excruciārēre		excruciārētur		excruciārēmur		excruciārēminī		excruciārentur
	perfect	excruciātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	excruciātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		excruciā		—		—		excruciāte		—
	future	—		excruciātō		excruciātō		—		excruciātōte		excruciantō
passive	present	—		excruciāre		—		—		excruciāminī		—
	future	—		excruciātor		excruciātor		—		—		excruciantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		excruciāre			excruciārī, excruciārier1			excruciāns			—
future		excruciātūrum esse			excruciātum īrī			excruciātūrus			excruciandus
perfect		excruciāvisse			excruciātum esse			—			excruciātus
future perfect		—			excruciātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		excruciātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		excruciandī		excruciandō		excruciandum		excruciandō		excruciātum		excruciātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• excruciābilis
• excruciātiō
• excruciātor
• excruciātus

Descendants

• English: excruciate
• Portuguese: excruciar

References

• “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “excrucio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari