gramr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gramr (comparative gramari, superlative gramastr)

1. wroth, angry with (someone) [with dative]
   • 995-1000, Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, loose verse 9

     Mér skyli Freyr ok Freyja, · fjǫrð lætk ǫðul Njarðar,
     líknisk grǫm við Grímni, · gramr, ok Þór enn ramma; […]

     With me must Freyr and Freyja, and Thor the strong, be angry. Last year I forsook the patrimony of Njord; may the fiends ask Grimnir (= Odin) for mercy.

   • Hirðskrá

     Svá sé mér guð hollr sem ek satt segi, gramr ef ek lýgr

     So may god be gracious toward me if I speak truly, furious if I lie

   Antonym: hollr

Declension

Strong declension of gramr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramr	grǫm	gramt
accusative	graman	grama	gramt
dative	grǫmum	gramri	grǫmu
genitive	grams	gramrar	grams
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramir	gramar	grǫm
accusative	grama	gramar	grǫm
dative	grǫmum	grǫmum	grǫmum
genitive	gramra	gramra	gramra

Weak declension of gramr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grami	grama	grama
accusative	grama	grǫmu	grama
dative	grama	grǫmu	grama
genitive	grama	grǫmu	grama
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grǫmu	grǫmu	grǫmu
accusative	grǫmu	grǫmu	grǫmu
dative	grǫmum	grǫmum	grǫmum
genitive	grǫmu	grǫmu	grǫmu

Declension of comparative of gramr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramari	gramari	gramara
accusative	gramara	gramari	gramara
dative	gramara	gramari	gramara
genitive	gramara	gramari	gramara
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramari	gramari	gramari
accusative	gramari	gramari	gramari
dative	grǫmurum	grǫmurum	grǫmurum
genitive	gramari	gramari	gramari

Strong declension of superlative of gramr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramastr	grǫmust	gramast
accusative	gramastan	gramasta	gramast
dative	grǫmustum	gramastri	grǫmustu
genitive	gramasts	gramastrar	gramasts
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramastir	gramastar	grǫmust
accusative	gramasta	gramastar	grǫmust
dative	grǫmustum	grǫmustum	grǫmustum
genitive	gramastra	gramastra	gramastra

Weak declension of superlative of gramr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	gramasti	gramasta	gramasta
accusative	gramasta	grǫmustu	gramasta
dative	gramasta	grǫmustu	gramasta
genitive	gramasta	grǫmustu	gramasta
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grǫmustu	grǫmustu	grǫmustu
accusative	grǫmustu	grǫmustu	grǫmustu
dative	grǫmustum	grǫmustum	grǫmustum
genitive	grǫmustu	grǫmustu	grǫmustu

Derived terms

• gramir m pl, grǫm n pl (“fiends, demons”)

Related terms

• gremi f (“wrath, anger”)
• gremja (“to make angry”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: gramur
• Faroese: grammur
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gram
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gram
• Swedish: gramse
• Danish: gram

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “gramr1”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Noun

gramr m

1. king, warrior

Declension

Declension of gramr (strong i-stem, s-genitive)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gramr	gramrinn	gramir	gramirnir
accusative	gram	graminn	grami	gramina
dative	gram	graminum	grǫmum	grǫmunum
genitive	grams	gramsins	grama	gramanna

Descendants

• → Latin: Gram

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “gramr2”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive