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hart

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Hart, HART, hårt, and hârt

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Doublet of Heorot.

Cognates

Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

Noun

hart (countable and uncountable, plural hart or harts)

  1. (countable) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
    Synonyms: buck; stag (sometimes hyponymous)
    Hypernyms: red deer; deer; cervid; ungulate
    Hyponyms: brocket, knobber, knobbler, pricket, spitter
    Coordinate term: hind (the female)
  2. (uncountable) The meat from this animal.
    • 1891 July 8, L. S., “Twenty Hidden Towns in One State”, in Good Housekeeping […], volume XIII, number 2 (154 overall), Springfield, Mass., published August 1891, →OCLC, page 95, column 1:
      We are to have hart for dinner on Jack’s birthday; you call it deer in Grenada.
    • 1999, James B[iser] Whisker, “Hunting in the Judaeo-Christian Tradition”, in The Right to Hunt, revised edition, Bellevue, Wash.: Merril Press, →ISBN, page 38:
      The people of Israel knew something of hunting, as in the stories of eating hart and roebuck, and venison.
    • 2003, Richard D. Taber, Neil F. Payne, “Ancient Warrior-Rulers”, in Wildlife, Conservation, and Human Welfare: A United States and Canadian Perspective, Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 30:
      Still, the people of Israel certainly knew about hunting, because they ate hart (red deer) and roe deer.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

See heart.

Noun

hart (plural harts)

  1. Obsolete spelling of heart.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation

Noun

hart (plural harte)

  1. heart

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Noun

hart n or f (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body
  2. the center point or zone of an object, image etc.
  3. the core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
  4. compassionate or similar feelings
Usage notes
  • Previously the gender of this word could be feminine, which is still reflected in fossilized expressions such as ter harte nemen, which uses feminine case forms (ter). In modern usage the word is always neuter, however (leaving aside the mentioned fossilized expressions).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: hart
  • Negerhollands: hert, hart, hat
  • → Sranan Tongo: ati
    • → Saramaccan: áti, háti

Etymology 2

Noun

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. (Northern) archaic form of hert (“deer”)

Faroese

Etymology

See harður (“hard, loud”)

Adjective

hart (neuter of harður)

  1. hard
  2. loud

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.

Pronunciation

Noun

hart f (plural harts)

  1. (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

Further reading

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German

Etymology

From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation

Adjective

hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)

  1. hard
  2. severe, harsh
    • 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
      Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
      Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
      The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
  3. (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
    • 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
      Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Positive forms of hart
More information number & gender, singular ...
Comparative forms of hart
More information number & gender, singular ...
Superlative forms of hart
More information number & gender, singular ...

Derived terms

Adverb

hart

  1. hard (with force or effort)
    Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.
    They worked hard all week.
  2. sharply, roughly, severely
  3. close [with an (+ dative) ‘to someone/something’]

Further reading

  • “hart” in Duden online
  • “hart” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
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Icelandic

Adjective

hart

  1. neuter nominative/accusative of harður

Irish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English heart.

Alternative forms

Noun

hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

  1. (card games) heart
Declension
More information bare forms, singular ...

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

hart

  1. h-prothesized form of art

References

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Middle Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Dutch hart.

Adjective

hart

  1. hard (not soft)
  2. solid, sturdy
  3. hard, harsh, cruel

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...

Descendants

  • Dutch: hard
    • Jersey Dutch: hārd
    • Negerhollands: hart
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt

Further reading

North Frisian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.

Noun

hart n (plural harten)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) heart
    At hart klopet/böget.
    My heart is beating.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

Adjective

hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

  1. hard

Inflection

Declension of hart (a-stem)
More information strong declension, case ...

Descendants

Further reading

  • “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
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Old High German

Alternative forms

  • herti

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective

hart

  1. hard, firm
  2. steadfast, firm in character or opinion; insistent
  3. difficult to endure, severe, oppressive
  4. hard to do
  5. strong, intense

Declension

More information singular, masculine ...
More information singular, masculine ...
More information singular, masculine ...
More information singular, masculine ...
More information singular, masculine ...

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle High German: hart, herte
    • Alemannic German: hert
      Swabian: hirrt
    • Bavarian: hoat
    • Central Franconian: haat
    • German: hart
    • Luxembourgish: haart
    • Yiddish: האַרט (hart)

References

Old Norse

Adjective

hart

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.

Pronunciation

Noun

hart m inan

  1. strength, resilience, fortitude

Declension

Declension of hart
More information singular, nominative ...

Derived terms

adjective
  • hartowany
verb

Further reading

  • hart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hart in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.

Adverb

hart (not comparable)

  1. only used in hart när

References

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.

Pronunciation

Noun

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)

  1. deer

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

Noun

hart

  1. alternative form of hearth
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
      Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
      Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88

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