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hart
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /hɑːt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /hɑɹt/
Audio (UK): (file) Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
- Homophones: Hart, heart
Etymology 1
From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Doublet of Heorot.
Cognates
Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.
Noun
hart (countable and uncountable, plural hart or harts)
- (countable) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
- Synonyms: buck; stag (sometimes hyponymous)
- Hypernyms: red deer; deer; cervid; ungulate
- Hyponyms: brocket, knobber, knobbler, pricket, spitter
- Coordinate term: hind (the female)
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
- With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.
- 1612, Michael Drayton, “The thirteenth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 213:
- Then, finding Herds of luſtie Deare, / She Huntreſſe-like the Hart purſues; […]
- (uncountable) The meat from this animal.
- 1891 July 8, L. S., “Twenty Hidden Towns in One State”, in Good Housekeeping […], volume XIII, number 2 (154 overall), Springfield, Mass., published August 1891, →OCLC, page 95, column 1:
- We are to have hart for dinner on Jack’s birthday; you call it deer in Grenada.
- 2003, Richard D. Taber, Neil F. Payne, “Ancient Warrior-Rulers”, in Wildlife, Conservation, and Human Welfare: A United States and Canadian Perspective, Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 30:
- Still, the people of Israel certainly knew about hunting, because they ate hart (red deer) and roe deer.
Derived terms
Translations
male deer
|
Etymology 2
See heart.
Noun
hart (plural harts)
- Obsolete spelling of heart.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature B, recto:
- For this reliefe much thanks, tis bitter cold, / And I am ſick at hart.
Anagrams
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Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
hart (plural harte)
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Noun
hart n or f (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
- heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body
- the center point or zone of an object, image etc.
- the core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
- compassionate or similar feelings
Usage notes
- Previously the gender of this word could be feminine, which is still reflected in fossilized expressions such as ter harte nemen, which uses feminine case forms (ter). In modern usage the word is always neuter, however (leaving aside the mentioned fossilized expressions).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
- dorpshart
- Groene Hart
- hartaanval
- hartelijk
- harteloos
- hartfalen
- hartkamer
- hartoperatie
- hartprobleem
- hartritme
- hartschelp
- hartslag
- hartstilstand
- hartstocht
- hartstoornis
- hartverlamming
- hartverzakking
- hartvormig
- hartzeer
- hartziekte
- na aan het hart liggen
- stadshart
- ter harte nemen
- van ganser harte
- van harte
Descendants
Etymology 2
Noun
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
Faroese
Etymology
See harður (“hard, loud”)
Adjective
hart (neuter of harður)
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /aʁ/, /aʁt/
Audio: (file)
Noun
hart f (plural harts)
Further reading
- “hart”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Etymology
From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.
Pronunciation
Adjective
hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)
- hard
- severe, harsh
- 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
- Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
- Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
- The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
- (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
- 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
- Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Positive forms of hart
Comparative forms of hart
Superlative forms of hart
Derived terms
Adverb
hart
Further reading
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Icelandic
Adjective
hart
Irish
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Noun
hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
hart
- h-prothesized form of art
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “hart”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
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Middle Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
Adjective
hart
Inflection
Descendants
Further reading
- “hart”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hart (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
North Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.
Noun
hart n (plural harten)
- (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) heart
- At hart klopet/böget.
- My heart is beating.
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).
Adjective
hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)
Inflection
Declension of hart (a-stem)
Descendants
Further reading
- “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
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Old High German
Alternative forms
- herti
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).
Adjective
hart
- hard, firm
- steadfast, firm in character or opinion; insistent
- difficult to endure, severe, oppressive
- hard to do
- strong, intense
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Karg-Gasterstädt, Elisabeth; Frings, Theodor; et al., editors (1952–2022), “hart”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, via Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig
Old Norse
Adjective
hart
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.
Pronunciation
Noun
hart m inan
Declension
Declension of hart
Derived terms
adjective
- hartowany
verb
Further reading
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.
Adverb
hart (not comparable)
- only used in hart när
References
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.
Pronunciation
Noun
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola
Noun
hart
- alternative form of hearth
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
- Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88
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