hier

See also: Hier, Hiër, hièr, and hier-

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

• hiir (obsolete)

Etymology

From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦir/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ir
• Hyphenation: hier

Adverb

hier

1. here

Derived terms

• hierdie

Danish

Noun

hier n

1. indefinite plural of hi

Dutch

Alternative forms

• hijr (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦir/, [ɦiːr], [ɦiər]

• Audio (Netherlands):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ir
• Hyphenation: hier

Adverb

hier

1. here

   Dit restaurant ziet er leuk uit, zullen we hier eten? ― This restaurant looks nice, shall we eat here?

2. pronominal adverb form of dit; this

   Meneer, u moet hier nog voor betalen! ― Sir, you still have to pay for this!

Usage notes

With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.

Derived terms

• hier en daar
• hier en nu
• hiernamaals
• hiero
• ziehier

See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.

Descendants

• Afrikaans: hier
• Berbice Creole Dutch: hiri
• Jersey Dutch: hîr, hî
• Negerhollands: hier, hie, hi

See also

• daar
• er
• her
• waar

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.

Pronunciation

• ^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /jɛʁ/, /i.jɛʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -jɛʁ

Adverb

hier

1. yesterday
   • 2001, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Diderot ou le matérialisme enchanté:

     […] car il nous appartient que les choses changent dans le sens du meilleur, d'un meilleur peut-être précaire, et qui pourrait s'énoncer par cette maxime : mieux que rien, mieux qu'hier et mieux qu'aujourd'hui.

     […] because it's up to us to change things for the better — a perhaps precarious better — and which could be stated by this maxim: better than nothing, better than yesterday, and better than today.

Coordinate terms

Dates relative to today in French (layout · text)
	–3	–2	–1	0	+1	+2	+3
direct speech	three days ago	two days ago	yesterday	today	tomorrow	in two days	in three days
	avant-avant-hier	avant-hier	hier	aujourd'hui	demain	après-demain	après-après-demain
reported speech	three days before, three days earlier	two days before, two days earlier	the day before	on that day	the next day	two days later	three days later
	trois jours plus tôt	l'avant-veille	la veille	ce jour-là	le lendemain	le surlendemain	trois jours plus tard

Derived terms

• avant-hier
• comme si c'était hier

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: yè
• → Esperanto: hieraŭ

Further reading

• “hier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /je/, /i.e/

Verb

hier

1. (obsolete) to stamp with a rod (hie)

Conjugation

Conjugation of hier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	hier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		hié /je/ or /i.e/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	hie /i/	hies /i/	hie /i/	hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/	hiez /je/ or /i.e/	hient /i/
	imperfect	hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiions /i.jɔ̃/	hiiez /i.je/	hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/
	past historic2	hiai /je/ or /i.e/	hias /ja/ or /i.a/	hia /ja/ or /i.a/	hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/	hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/	hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/
	future	hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/	hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/	hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/	hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/	hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/	hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/	hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/	hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	hie /i/	hies /i/	hie /i/	hiions /i.jɔ̃/	hiiez /i.je/	hient /i/
	imperfect2	hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/	hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/	hiât /ja/ or /i.a/	hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/	hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/	hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	hie /i/	—	hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/	hiez /je/ or /i.e/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• hie

German

Alternative forms

• hie (archaic; except in hie und da)

Etymology

From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här.

The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier began to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hiːr/, [hiːɐ̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany):

  (file)

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

Adverb

hier

1. (location) here; in this place; refers to an environment one is currently in, or to something within reach

   Ich bin hier in diesem Dorf geboren. ― I was born here in this village.

   Setzen wir uns hier aufs Sofa. ― Let’s sit down here on the sofa.

2. (location) there; right there; in that place; refers to something that is considered nearby, or can be seen and pointed at

   Synonym: da

   Die Kirche ist gleich hier am Ende der Straße. ― The church is right there at the end of the street.

   Siehst du die Wolke hier neben der Bergspitze? ― Can you see that cloud there next to the mountain top?

3. (abstract) here (within this context)

   Die Frist wurde hier überhaupt nicht erwähnt. ― The deadline was not mentioned here at all.

4. used with the definite article or the determiner dieser (“this, that”) to express proximity (“this”)

   Die Kneipe hier ist sehr beliebt. ― This pub is very popular.

   Hier der Stuhl ist kaputt. ― This chair is broken.

   Dieser Schrank hier ist 200 Jahre alt. ― This cupboard is 200 years old.

Derived terms

• hier drin
• hier drüben
• hieran
• hierauf
• hieraus
• hierbei
• hierbleiben
• hierdurch
• hierfür
• hiergegen
• hierher
• hierhin
• hiermit
• hiernach
• hiervon

See also

• da
• dort
• her
• hier und da
• hiesig

Interjection

hier

1. (colloquial) Used for emphasis or to call for attention, often when changing the subject

   Hier, der Markus ist doch jetzt auch verheiratet, ne?

   Hey, wait, Markus is married now, too, isn't he?

Further reading

• “hier” in Duden online
• “hier” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

Alternative forms

• hiir (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhiːa/
• Rhymes: -iːa

Adverb

hier

1. here

   Bleib en bissje hier.

   Stay here for a while.

Synonyms

• do
• hie

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German her, from Old High German hera. Compare German her.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hiːr/, [hiː.ɐ], [hiə̯]
• Rhymes: -iːə
• Homophones: Hier, hir

Adverb

hier

1. here; hither (to this place)

See also

• hei

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hiər/

Adverb

hier

1. here, in this place
2. to here, hither
3. now, at this time

Descendants

• Dutch: hier, her
  • Afrikaans: hier
• Limburgish: hier; hie, heej (influenced by High German)

Further reading

• “hier”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hier”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Noun

hier

1. alternative form of hire (“wages”)

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xi͜yːr/, [hi͜yːr]

Verb

hīer

1. singular imperative of hīeran

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хиер (xijer).

Noun

hier m (plural hieri)

1. the name of the "h" in the Cyrillic alphabet

Declension

Declension of hier

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	hier	hierul		hieri	hierii
genitive-dative	hier	hierului		hieri	hierilor
vocative	hierule			hierilor

Saterland Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hir/
• Hyphenation: hier
• Rhymes: -ir

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

hier

1. oblique of ju; her
2. oblique of jo; them

See also

Saterland Frisian personal pronouns

			subject case		object case
			stressed	unstressed
singular	1st		iek		mie
	2nd		du		die
	3rd	m	hie	er	him
		f	ju	ze	hier
		n	dät	et	dät
plural	1st		wie		uus
	2nd		jie		jou
	3rd		jo	ze	hier

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian hīr, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognates include West Frisian hjir and German hier.

Adverb

hier

1. here

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “hier”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦi̯er]

Noun

hier

1. genitive plural of hra

West Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian hēr.

Noun

hier n or c (plural hierren, diminutive hierke)

1. hair

Further reading

• “hier (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian hēre, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju.

Noun

hier c (plural hieren)

1. hire
2. rent, rental

Related terms

• hiere

Further reading

• “hier (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011