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hogy

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *kuńćɜ, from *ku (interrogative stem). Cognates include Komi-Zyrian кыдз (kydź, how), Eastern Mari кузе (kuze, how), perhaps Finnish konsa (when).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈhoɟ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -oɟ

Adverb

hogy

  1. (interrogative) how?
    Synonyms: hogyan, (the next three are literary style) miként, miképp, miképpen
    Hogy vagy?How are you? (informal)
    Hogy érzi magát?How are you feeling? (formal)

Usage notes

  • It is usually interchangeable with hogyan (and its other, less common synonyms), except when followed by a form of van (to be) (as in the examples above).
  • This adverb hogy is stressed, as opposed to the conjunction below, which has no stress:
    Várom, hogy dönt.I’m waiting (to see) how s/he decides. – stressed (adverb), interchangeable with hogyan; optionally it may also be preceded by the (unstressed) conjunction hogy: Várom, hogy hogy(an) dönt.
    Várom, hogy döntsön.I’m waiting for him/her to decide (literally, “that s/he should decide”) – unstressed (conjunction)

Sometimes both interpretations (and thus both pronunciations) are possible: elárulta, hogy változtatna a közlekedési szabályokon (s/he revealed how s/he would change traffic rules / that s/he would change traffic rules). It can be disambiguated for example in the following ways: elárulta, hogyan változtatna… vs. elárulta, hogy megváltoztatná a közlekedési szabályokat (verbal prefix inserted, superessive argument changed to direct object): the fronted verbal prefix is possible only if it is stressed, which precludes a stressed adverb hogy.

Derived terms

Conjunction

hogy

  1. (followed by indicative mood) that
    Látom, hogy itt vagy.I see that you are here.
    Láttam, hogy jössz.I saw you coming. (literally, “I saw that you "are" coming.”)
  2. (followed by indicative mood, used with -e or a question word, often omitted) if, whether (or not translated)
    Nem tudom, (hogy) akar-e jönni.I don't know if s/he wants to come.
    Nem tudom, (hogy) mikor akar jönni.I don't know when s/he wants to come. (literally, “I don't know that when s/he wants to come.”)
  3. (followed by subjunctive/imperative mood, occasionally omitted) to (expressing imperative in reported speech)
    Mondtam neki, hogy maradjon otthon.I told him/her to stay at home. (literally, “I told him/her that he/she stay [imperative] at home.”)
  4. (followed by subjunctive/imperative mood, optionally preceded by azért, abból a célból or avégett) so, so that, so as to, in order to, in order that (specifying the aim or goal of an action)
    Átmegyek a másik szobába, hogy ne zavarjalak.I'll go to the other room so I don't disturb you.
    Azért megyek át a másik szobába, hogy ne zavarjalak.I'll go to the other room so that I don't disturb you.

Usage notes

See above, under the adverb sense.

Derived terms

Compound words

See also

More information question, question word ...

1 Semhogy and semmint are conjunctions meaning “(rather) than”, “before” (as in inkább meghal, semhogyhe'll rather die than).
2 Valamint is now only used in the sense of “as well as” in enumerations.
3 Mindeddig/-addig mean “up until this/that point” (= egészen eddig/addig).
Csak following relative pronouns expresses “-ever”, e.g. aki csak (whoever); is after “any” pronouns emphasizes “no matter”: akármit is (no matter what).

Further reading

  • (how [adverb]): hogy in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • (that [conjunction]): hogy in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
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