|
positive |
negative |
|
infinitive |
ukukha |
ukungakhi |
|
|
imperative |
|
simple |
+ object concord |
singular |
yikha |
-khe |
plural |
yikhani |
-kheni |
|
present |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngiyakha, ngikha |
engikhayo, engikha |
ngikha |
angikhi |
engingakhi |
ngingakhi |
2nd singular |
uyakha, ukha |
okhayo, okha |
ukha |
awukhi |
ongakhi |
ungakhi |
1st plural |
siyakha, sikha |
esikhayo, esikha |
sikha |
asikhi |
esingakhi |
singakhi |
2nd plural |
niyakha, nikha |
enikhayo, enikha |
nikha |
anikhi |
eningakhi |
ningakhi |
class 1 |
uyakha, ukha |
okhayo, okha |
ekha |
akakhi |
ongakhi |
engakhi |
class 2 |
bayakha, bakha |
abakhayo, abakha |
bekha |
abakhi |
abangakhi |
bengakhi |
class 3 |
uyakha, ukha |
okhayo, okha |
ukha |
awukhi |
ongakhi |
ungakhi |
class 4 |
iyakha, ikha |
ekhayo, ekha |
ikha |
ayikhi |
engakhi |
ingakhi |
class 5 |
liyakha, likha |
elikhayo, elikha |
likha |
alikhi |
elingakhi |
lingakhi |
class 6 |
ayakha, akha |
akhayo, akha |
ekha |
awakhi |
angakhi |
engakhi |
class 7 |
siyakha, sikha |
esikhayo, esikha |
sikha |
asikhi |
esingakhi |
singakhi |
class 8 |
ziyakha, zikha |
ezikhayo, ezikha |
zikha |
azikhi |
ezingakhi |
zingakhi |
class 9 |
iyakha, ikha |
ekhayo, ekha |
ikha |
ayikhi |
engakhi |
ingakhi |
class 10 |
ziyakha, zikha |
ezikhayo, ezikha |
zikha |
azikhi |
ezingakhi |
zingakhi |
class 11 |
luyakha, lukha |
olukhayo, olukha |
lukha |
alukhi |
olungakhi |
lungakhi |
class 14 |
buyakha, bukha |
obukhayo, obukha |
bukha |
abukhi |
obungakhi |
bungakhi |
class 15 |
kuyakha, kukha |
okukhayo, okukha |
kukha |
akukhi |
okungakhi |
kungakhi |
class 17 |
kuyakha, kukha |
okukhayo, okukha |
kukha |
akukhi |
okungakhi |
kungakhi |
|
recent past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngikhile, ngikhē |
engikhile, engikhē |
ngikhile, ngikhē |
angikhanga |
engingakhanga |
ngingakhanga |
2nd singular |
ukhile, ukhē |
okhile, okhē |
ukhile, ukhē |
awukhanga |
ongakhanga |
ungakhanga |
1st plural |
sikhile, sikhē |
esikhile, esikhē |
sikhile, sikhē |
asikhanga |
esingakhanga |
singakhanga |
2nd plural |
nikhile, nikhē |
enikhile, enikhē |
nikhile, nikhē |
anikhanga |
eningakhanga |
ningakhanga |
class 1 |
ukhile, ukhē |
okhile, okhē |
ekhile, ekhē |
akakhanga |
ongakhanga |
engakhanga |
class 2 |
bakhile, bakhē |
abakhile, abakhē |
bekhile, bekhē |
abakhanga |
abangakhanga |
bengakhanga |
class 3 |
ukhile, ukhē |
okhile, okhē |
ukhile, ukhē |
awukhanga |
ongakhanga |
ungakhanga |
class 4 |
ikhile, ikhē |
ekhile, ekhē |
ikhile, ikhē |
ayikhanga |
engakhanga |
ingakhanga |
class 5 |
likhile, likhē |
elikhile, elikhē |
likhile, likhē |
alikhanga |
elingakhanga |
lingakhanga |
class 6 |
akhile, akhē |
akhile, akhē |
ekhile, ekhē |
awakhanga |
angakhanga |
engakhanga |
class 7 |
sikhile, sikhē |
esikhile, esikhē |
sikhile, sikhē |
asikhanga |
esingakhanga |
singakhanga |
class 8 |
zikhile, zikhē |
ezikhile, ezikhē |
zikhile, zikhē |
azikhanga |
ezingakhanga |
zingakhanga |
class 9 |
ikhile, ikhē |
ekhile, ekhē |
ikhile, ikhē |
ayikhanga |
engakhanga |
ingakhanga |
class 10 |
zikhile, zikhē |
ezikhile, ezikhē |
zikhile, zikhē |
azikhanga |
ezingakhanga |
zingakhanga |
class 11 |
lukhile, lukhē |
olukhile, olukhē |
lukhile, lukhē |
alukhanga |
olungakhanga |
lungakhanga |
class 14 |
bukhile, bukhē |
obukhile, obukhē |
bukhile, bukhē |
abukhanga |
obungakhanga |
bungakhanga |
class 15 |
kukhile, kukhē |
okukhile, okukhē |
kukhile, kukhē |
akukhanga |
okungakhanga |
kungakhanga |
class 17 |
kukhile, kukhē |
okukhile, okukhē |
kukhile, kukhē |
akukhanga |
okungakhanga |
kungakhanga |
|
remote past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngākha |
engākha |
ngākha |
angikhanga |
engingakhanga |
ngingakhanga |
2nd singular |
wākha |
owākha |
wākha |
awukhanga |
ongakhanga |
ungakhanga |
1st plural |
sākha |
esākha |
sākha |
asikhanga |
esingakhanga |
singakhanga |
2nd plural |
nākha |
enākha |
nākha |
anikhanga |
eningakhanga |
ningakhanga |
class 1 |
wākha |
owākha |
ākha |
akakhanga |
ongakhanga |
engakhanga |
class 2 |
bākha |
abākha |
bākha |
abakhanga |
abangakhanga |
bengakhanga |
class 3 |
wākha |
owākha |
wākha |
awukhanga |
ongakhanga |
ungakhanga |
class 4 |
yākha |
eyākha |
yākha |
ayikhanga |
engakhanga |
ingakhanga |
class 5 |
lākha |
elākha |
lākha |
alikhanga |
elingakhanga |
lingakhanga |
class 6 |
ākha |
ākha |
ākha |
awakhanga |
angakhanga |
engakhanga |
class 7 |
sākha |
esākha |
sākha |
asikhanga |
esingakhanga |
singakhanga |
class 8 |
zākha |
ezākha |
zākha |
azikhanga |
ezingakhanga |
zingakhanga |
class 9 |
yākha |
eyākha |
yākha |
ayikhanga |
engakhanga |
ingakhanga |
class 10 |
zākha |
ezākha |
zākha |
azikhanga |
ezingakhanga |
zingakhanga |
class 11 |
lwākha |
olwākha |
lwākha |
alukhanga |
olungakhanga |
lungakhanga |
class 14 |
bākha |
obākha |
bākha |
abukhanga |
obungakhanga |
bungakhanga |
class 15 |
kwākha |
okwākha |
kwākha |
akukhanga |
okungakhanga |
kungakhanga |
class 17 |
kwākha |
okwākha |
kwākha |
akukhanga |
okungakhanga |
kungakhanga |
|
potential |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngingakha |
— |
ngingakha |
ngingekhe |
— |
ngingekhe |
2nd singular |
ungakha |
— |
ungakha |
ungekhe |
— |
ungekhe |
1st plural |
singakha |
— |
singakha |
singekhe |
— |
singekhe |
2nd plural |
ningakha |
— |
ningakha |
ningekhe |
— |
ningekhe |
class 1 |
angakha |
— |
engakha |
angekhe |
— |
engekhe |
class 2 |
bangakha |
— |
bengakha |
bangekhe |
— |
bengekhe |
class 3 |
ungakha |
— |
ungakha |
ungekhe |
— |
ungekhe |
class 4 |
ingakha |
— |
ingakha |
ingekhe |
— |
ingekhe |
class 5 |
lingakha |
— |
lingakha |
lingekhe |
— |
lingekhe |
class 6 |
angakha |
— |
engakha |
angekhe |
— |
engekhe |
class 7 |
singakha |
— |
singakha |
singekhe |
— |
singekhe |
class 8 |
zingakha |
— |
zingakha |
zingekhe |
— |
zingekhe |
class 9 |
ingakha |
— |
ingakha |
ingekhe |
— |
ingekhe |
class 10 |
zingakha |
— |
zingakha |
zingekhe |
— |
zingekhe |
class 11 |
lungakha |
— |
lungakha |
lungekhe |
— |
lungekhe |
class 14 |
bungakha |
— |
bungakha |
bungekhe |
— |
bungekhe |
class 15 |
kungakha |
— |
kungakha |
kungekhe |
— |
kungekhe |
class 17 |
kungakha |
— |
kungakha |
kungekhe |
— |
kungekhe |
|
immediate future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngizokukha |
engizokukha |
ngizokukha |
angizukukha |
engingezukukha |
ngingezukukha |
2nd singular |
uzokukha |
ozokukha |
uzokukha |
awuzukukha |
ongezukukha |
ungezukukha |
1st plural |
sizokukha |
esizokukha |
sizokukha |
asizukukha |
esingezukukha |
singezukukha |
2nd plural |
nizokukha |
enizokukha |
nizokukha |
anizukukha |
eningezukukha |
ningezukukha |
class 1 |
uzokukha |
ozokukha |
ezokukha |
akazukukha |
ongezukukha |
engezukukha |
class 2 |
bazokukha |
abazokukha |
bezokukha |
abazukukha |
abangezukukha |
bengezukukha |
class 3 |
uzokukha |
ozokukha |
uzokukha |
awuzukukha |
ongezukukha |
ungezukukha |
class 4 |
izokukha |
ezokukha |
izokukha |
ayizukukha |
engezukukha |
ingezukukha |
class 5 |
lizokukha |
elizokukha |
lizokukha |
alizukukha |
elingezukukha |
lingezukukha |
class 6 |
azokukha |
azokukha |
ezokukha |
awazukukha |
angezukukha |
engezukukha |
class 7 |
sizokukha |
esizokukha |
sizokukha |
asizukukha |
esingezukukha |
singezukukha |
class 8 |
zizokukha |
ezizokukha |
zizokukha |
azizukukha |
ezingezukukha |
zingezukukha |
class 9 |
izokukha |
ezokukha |
izokukha |
ayizukukha |
engezukukha |
ingezukukha |
class 10 |
zizokukha |
ezizokukha |
zizokukha |
azizukukha |
ezingezukukha |
zingezukukha |
class 11 |
luzokukha |
oluzokukha |
luzokukha |
aluzukukha |
olungezukukha |
lungezukukha |
class 14 |
buzokukha |
obuzokukha |
buzokukha |
abuzukukha |
obungezukukha |
bungezukukha |
class 15 |
kuzokukha |
okuzokukha |
kuzokukha |
akuzukukha |
okungezukukha |
kungezukukha |
class 17 |
kuzokukha |
okuzokukha |
kuzokukha |
akuzukukha |
okungezukukha |
kungezukukha |
|
remote future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngiyokukha |
engiyokukha |
ngiyokukha |
angiyukukha |
engingeyukukha |
ngingeyukukha |
2nd singular |
uyokukha |
oyokukha |
uyokukha |
awuyukukha |
ongeyukukha |
ungeyukukha |
1st plural |
siyokukha |
esiyokukha |
siyokukha |
asiyukukha |
esingeyukukha |
singeyukukha |
2nd plural |
niyokukha |
eniyokukha |
niyokukha |
aniyukukha |
eningeyukukha |
ningeyukukha |
class 1 |
uyokukha |
oyokukha |
eyokukha |
akayukukha |
ongeyukukha |
engeyukukha |
class 2 |
bayokukha |
abayokukha |
beyokukha |
abayukukha |
abangeyukukha |
bengeyukukha |
class 3 |
uyokukha |
oyokukha |
uyokukha |
awuyukukha |
ongeyukukha |
ungeyukukha |
class 4 |
iyokukha |
eyokukha |
iyokukha |
ayiyukukha |
engeyukukha |
ingeyukukha |
class 5 |
liyokukha |
eliyokukha |
liyokukha |
aliyukukha |
elingeyukukha |
lingeyukukha |
class 6 |
ayokukha |
ayokukha |
eyokukha |
awayukukha |
angeyukukha |
engeyukukha |
class 7 |
siyokukha |
esiyokukha |
siyokukha |
asiyukukha |
esingeyukukha |
singeyukukha |
class 8 |
ziyokukha |
eziyokukha |
ziyokukha |
aziyukukha |
ezingeyukukha |
zingeyukukha |
class 9 |
iyokukha |
eyokukha |
iyokukha |
ayiyukukha |
engeyukukha |
ingeyukukha |
class 10 |
ziyokukha |
eziyokukha |
ziyokukha |
aziyukukha |
ezingeyukukha |
zingeyukukha |
class 11 |
luyokukha |
oluyokukha |
luyokukha |
aluyukukha |
olungeyukukha |
lungeyukukha |
class 14 |
buyokukha |
obuyokukha |
buyokukha |
abuyukukha |
obungeyukukha |
bungeyukukha |
class 15 |
kuyokukha |
okuyokukha |
kuyokukha |
akuyukukha |
okungeyukukha |
kungeyukukha |
class 17 |
kuyokukha |
okuyokukha |
kuyokukha |
akuyukukha |
okungeyukukha |
kungeyukukha |
|
|
present subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
1st singular |
ngikhe |
ngingakhi |
2nd singular |
ukhe |
ungakhi |
1st plural |
sikhe |
singakhi |
2nd plural |
nikhe |
ningakhi |
class 1 |
akhe |
angakhi |
class 2 |
bakhe |
bangakhi |
class 3 |
ukhe |
ungakhi |
class 4 |
ikhe |
ingakhi |
class 5 |
likhe |
lingakhi |
class 6 |
akhe |
angakhi |
class 7 |
sikhe |
singakhi |
class 8 |
zikhe |
zingakhi |
class 9 |
ikhe |
ingakhi |
class 10 |
zikhe |
zingakhi |
class 11 |
lukhe |
lungakhi |
class 14 |
bukhe |
bungakhi |
class 15 |
kukhe |
kungakhi |
class 17 |
kukhe |
kungakhi |
|
|
past subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
1st singular |
ngakha |
ngangakha, angakha, angangakha |
2nd singular |
wakha |
wangakha, awakha, awangakha |
1st plural |
sakha |
sangakha, asakha, asangakha |
2nd plural |
nakha |
nangakha, anakha, anangakha |
class 1 |
wakha |
wangakha, akakha, akangakha |
class 2 |
bakha |
bangakha, abakha, abangakha |
class 3 |
wakha |
wangakha, awakha, awangakha |
class 4 |
yakha |
yangakha, ayakha, ayangakha |
class 5 |
lakha |
langakha, alakha, alangakha |
class 6 |
akha |
angakha, awakha, awangakha |
class 7 |
sakha |
sangakha, asakha, asangakha |
class 8 |
zakha |
zangakha, azakha, azangakha |
class 9 |
yakha |
yangakha, ayakha, ayangakha |
class 10 |
zakha |
zangakha, azakha, azangakha |
class 11 |
lwakha |
lwangakha, alwakha, alwangakha |
class 14 |
bakha |
bangakha, abakha, abangakha |
class 15 |
kwakha |
kwangakha, akwakha, akwangakha |
class 17 |
kwakha |
kwangakha, akwakha, akwangakha |