libro

See also: libró, librò, libro-, and łìbro

Languages (31)

Bikol Central • Buhi'non Bikol • Cebuano • Chavacano • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Esperanto • Galician • Ibatan • Ido • Ilocano • Interlingua • Iriga Bicolano • Italian • Latin • Libon Bikol • Lombard • Masbate Sorsogon • Masbatenyo • Mirandese • Miraya Bikol • Northern Catanduanes Bicolano • Old Spanish • Pangasinan • Sambali • Southern Catanduanes Bicolano • Spanish • Tagalog • Waray Sorsogon • Waray-Waray • West Albay Bikol • Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl

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Page categories

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈl̪i.bɾo]
• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾo/ [l̪iˈbɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

líbro or libró (Basahan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜍᜓ)

1. book

   Sain mo binakal an libro?

   Where did you buy the book?

Buhi'non Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: li‧bro
• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈl̪ib.ɾ̪o]

Noun

libro (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)

1. book
2. (accounting) journal; ledger

Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish libro, from Old Spanish libro, from Latin liber (“book”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/, [ˈli.bɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro

1. book (written work)

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Esperanto

Esperanto Wikipedia has an article on:

libro

Wikipedia ^eo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *lubʰrósder.

Proto-Italic *luβros

Latin liberslbor.

Old French livre

Middle French livre

French livreder.

▲

Latin liberbor.

Italian libroder.

▲

Latin liberbor.

Old Spanish libro

Spanish libroder.

Esperanto libro

From French livre, Italian and Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibro/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ibro
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro (accusative singular libron, plural libroj, accusative plural librojn)

1. a book
   • 2000, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, La Eta Princo, translated by Pierre Delaire from the French

     Iam, kiam mi estis sesjara, mi vidis belegan bildon en iu libro pri la praarbaro, titolita "Travivitaj rakontoj".

     Once, when I was six years old, I saw a magnificent picture in a book about the primeval forest, titled "True Stories".

Hypernyms

• informilo (“a source of information”)

Hyponyms

• gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
• jarlibro (“yearbook”)
• kajero (“notebook”)
• lernolibro (“textbook”)
• ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)

Meronyms

• antaŭparolo (“foreword”)
• ĉapitro (“chapter”)
• librokovro (“bookcover”)
• paĝo (“page”)
• postparolo (“afterword”)

Holonyms

• biblioteko (“library”)
• libraro (“collection of books”)
• librejo (“any place where books are kept”)
• libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
• librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)

Derived terms

• adreslibro (“address book”)
• ĉeflibro (“main book”)
• frazlibro (“phrasebook”)
• gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
• jarlibro (“yearbook”)
• kuirlibro (“cookbook”)
• lernolibro (“textbook”)
• libraro (“collection of books”)
• libreto (“booklet”)
• libristo (“bookseller”)
• librobreto (“bookshelf”)
• librokovro (“bookcover”)
• libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
• librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)
• manlibro (“handbook”)
• ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)
• taglibro (“diary”)
• tekstolibro (“textbook”)
• Vizaĝlibro (“Facebook”)

Galician

Alternative forms

• livro (reintegrationist)

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese livro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin liber, librum (“book”). Compare Portuguese livro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾʊ]
• Rhymes: -ibɾo
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book
   • 2010, Moisés Barcia, transl., Unha lectora fóra do común, page back cover:

     Nunca mostrara moito interese pola lectura, pero tomou en préstamo un libro, e a este seguíronlle moitos outros, tantos que pouco a pouco a afección se converteu en devoción, o que perturbou as relacións coa súa familia, os ministros, a servidume e os amigos.

     [She] had never shown much interest for reading, but then borrowed a book, and many more afterwards, so many that little by little her affection became devotion, which disturbed her relations with her family, the ministers, servitude and her friends.

2. bible, omasum

   Synonyms: entrefollo, santafollo

Derived terms

• libriño

References

• “libro”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “libro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “libro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “libro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “libro”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Etymology 2

Verb

libro

1. first-person singular present indicative of librar

Ibatan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

Noun

libro

1. book

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto libro, French livre, Italian libro, Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/

Noun

libro (plural libri)

1. book

Derived terms

• evangeliolibro (“Book of the Gospel”)
• exercolibro (“exercise book”)
• guidolibro (“guide book”)
• imajolibro (“picture book”)
• lernolibro (“textbook, instruction book”)
• libreto (“booklet, opuscule, libretto”)
• vortolibro (“dictionary, lexicon”)

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈlib.ɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro (Kur-itan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜓ)

1. book

   Ayanna ti libro?

   Where is the book?

Interlingua

Noun

libro (plural libros)

1. book

Iriga Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum (“book”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ibro
• Hyphenation: lì‧bro

Noun

libro m (plural libri, diminutive librétto or librìno or libriccìno (more common) or librettìno, augmentative libróne, pejorative libràccio, derogatory libriciàttolo or (literary) libràttolo, diminutive-derogatory librùccio or librettùccio or libricciòlo)

1. book
2. (botany) phloem; foliage
3. omasum

Derived terms

• libro di testo

Related terms

• libraio
• librario
• libreria
• libresco
• libretto
• librone

Further reading

• libro in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• libro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• broli

Latin

Etymology 1

From lībra (“a balance”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈliː.broː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈliː.bro]

Verb

lībrō (present infinitive lībrāre, perfect active lībrāvī, supine lībrātum); first conjugation

1. to poise, balance
2. to swing, brandish, hurl, cast, fling

   Synonyms: iactō, coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, iaciō, trāiciō, iaculor, spargō, impingō, ēmittō, abiciō, permittō, mittō

3. (figuratively) to consider, weigh, ponder

   Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, putō, cōnsīderō, reputō, cōnsulō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, pendō, versō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of lībrō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	lībrō		lībrās		lībrat		lībrāmus		lībrātis		lībrant
	imperfect	lībrābam		lībrābās		lībrābat		lībrābāmus		lībrābātis		lībrābant
	future	lībrābō		lībrābis		lībrābit		lībrābimus		lībrābitis		lībrābunt
	perfect	lībrāvī		lībrāvistī		lībrāvit		lībrāvimus		lībrāvistis		lībrāvērunt, lībrāvēre
	pluperfect	lībrāveram		lībrāverās		lībrāverat		lībrāverāmus		lībrāverātis		lībrāverant
	future perfect	lībrāverō		lībrāveris		lībrāverit		lībrāverimus		lībrāveritis		lībrāverint
passive	present	lībror		lībrāris, lībrāre		lībrātur		lībrāmur		lībrāminī		lībrantur
	imperfect	lībrābar		lībrābāris, lībrābāre		lībrābātur		lībrābāmur		lībrābāminī		lībrābantur
	future	lībrābor		lībrāberis, lībrābere		lībrābitur		lībrābimur		lībrābiminī		lībrābuntur
	perfect	lībrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	lībrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	lībrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	lībrem		lībrēs		lībret		lībrēmus		lībrētis		lībrent
	imperfect	lībrārem		lībrārēs		lībrāret		lībrārēmus		lībrārētis		lībrārent
	perfect	lībrāverim		lībrāverīs		lībrāverit		lībrāverīmus		lībrāverītis		lībrāverint
	pluperfect	lībrāvissem		lībrāvissēs		lībrāvisset		lībrāvissēmus		lībrāvissētis		lībrāvissent
passive	present	lībrer		lībrēris, lībrēre		lībrētur		lībrēmur		lībrēminī		lībrentur
	imperfect	lībrārer		lībrārēris, lībrārēre		lībrārētur		lībrārēmur		lībrārēminī		lībrārentur
	perfect	lībrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	lībrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		lībrā		—		—		lībrāte		—
	future	—		lībrātō		lībrātō		—		lībrātōte		lībrantō
passive	present	—		lībrāre		—		—		lībrāminī		—
	future	—		lībrātor		lībrātor		—		—		lībrantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		lībrāre			lībrārī			lībrāns			—
future		lībrātūrum esse			lībrātum īrī			lībrātūrus			lībrandus
perfect		lībrāvisse			lībrātum esse			—			lībrātus
future perfect		—			lībrātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		lībrātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		lībrandī		lībrandō		lībrandum		lībrandō		lībrātum		lībrātū

Derived terms

• lībramen
• lībramentum
• lībrātē
• lībrātiō
• lībrātor
• lībrātūra
• lībrātus

Descendants

• Italian: librare

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈlɪ.broː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈliː.bro]

Noun

librō

1. dative/ablative masculine singular of liber

References

• “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “libro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    
  • (ambiguous) the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    
  • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro continetur aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro scriptor complexus est aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1)
    

Libon Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• (Old Lombard) IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/

Noun

libro (plural libri)

1. (Old Lombard) book
   • 1274, Bonvesin de la Riva, Libro de Tre Scrigiure:

     In questo nostro libro da tre guis è scrigiura:

     In this book we deal with three types of writing:

Masbate Sorsogon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Masbatenyo

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin liber.

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. Sendinese form of lhibro

Miraya Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Northern Catanduanes Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• liuro (alternative spelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliβɾo/

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

     dixo el nŕo ſenor a moẏſen qui peccare en mi deſfer loe de mio libro. Agora ue e di ami pueblo cuemo fable […]

     [Dixo el nuestro Sennor a Moysen “Qui peccare en mí, desfer-lo-é de mío libro. Agora ve e di a mi pueblo cuemo fablé […] ”]

     Our Lord said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will wipe out of my book. Now go and say to my people how I have spoken. […] ”

Descendants

• Ladino: livro
• Spanish: libro

Pangasinan

Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Spanish libro (“book”) or through Ilocano libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/, [ˈlɪb.ɾo]
• Hyphenation: lib‧ro

Noun

libro

1. book

Sambali

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

Noun

libro

1. book

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾo]
• Rhymes: -ibɾo
• Syllabification: li‧bro

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish libro (cf. Ladino livro), an early borrowing from Latin librum (“book”). Cognate with French livre, Portuguese livro.

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book

Hyponyms

• gran libro
• libro blanco
• libro de acuerdos
• libro de asiento
• libro de becerro
• libro de bolsillo
• libro de caballerías
• libro de cabecera
• libro de caja
• libro de contabilidad
• libro de cuentas ajustadas
• libro de cuentos
• libro de escolaridad
• libro de estilo
• libro de familia
• libro de fondo
• libro de frases
• libro de hechizos
• libro de hechizos (“spell book, spellbook”)
• libro de honor
• libro de horas
• libro de inventarios
• libro de la vida
• libro de las sombras
• libro de lo salvado
• libro de mano
• libro de memoria
• libro de misa
• Libro de Mormón
• libro de música
• libro de oro
• libro de surtido
• libro de texto
• libro de visitas
• libro diario
• libro electrónico
• libro mayor
• libro sagrado

Derived terms

• audiolibro
• cantar a libro abierto
• de libro
• hablar como un libro
• libraco
• librería
• libreta
• librito
• libro abierto
• libro cerrado (“closed book”) (idiomatic)
• libro de caballerías
• librote
• pulmón en libro
• teneduría de libros
• tragalibros

Related terms

• librero
• libreto

Descendants

• Chavacano: libro
• → Bikol Central: libro
• → Cebuano: libro
• → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: libro
• → Ibatan: libro
• → Paraujano: liuru
• → Quechua: liwru
• → Tagalog: libro
• → Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: libro

See also

• tomo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

libro

1. first-person singular present indicative of librar

References

• Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1984), “libro”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎ (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 643

Further reading

• “libro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• libdo — obsolete

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /libˈɾo/ [lɪbˈɾo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: lib‧ro

Noun

libró (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)

1. book

   Synonym: aklat

2. (accounting) journal; daybook
3. (colloquial) logbook; record book

   Synonyms: aklat-talaan, libro de-rehistro

4. (anatomy) omasum

Derived terms

• libruhin

Related terms

• libreriya
• libreta
• librito
• libro mayor
• tenedor-de-libros

Further reading

• “libro”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎ (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag., page 389: “Libro) Libdo (pc) C. qualquiera yalo entienden en eſpañol corupto”

Waray Sorsogon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Waray-Waray

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾo/, [liˈbɾu]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libró

1. book

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Noun

libro

1. book
   • 1984, Raúl Brockway B., Herminio Cosme, Juan Hernández, Frases en mejicano y español: En el idioma náhuatl de San Miguel de Tenango, Puebla y en español‎, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano:

     Ixtlapocan namolibro itich in amatl majtlactli.

     Open your books to page ten.