per-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "per"

English

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin per and per-.

Prefix

per-

2. (no longer productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate.
4. (no longer productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect.
6. (no longer productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert.
8. (no longer productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid.
10. (chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide.
12. (chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four).

Synonyms

• (through): trans-, para-, dia-
• (thoroughly): para-

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with per-

peracetate

peracetic

peracetic acid

peracetylated

peracetylation

peracid

peracidic

peradventure

peralkaline

peralkalinity

peraluminous

perambulation

perastatate

perboric

perbromate

perbromic

perbromide

perbromo

percarbide

percarbonate

percarburet

percarburetted

perchloric

perchloride

perchlorinate

perchlorination

perchloro

perchlorobenzoic acid

perchloroethylene

perchloroheteroaromatic

perchloropentacyclodecane

perchromic acid

percutaneous

perdeuterate

perdeuterated

perdeuteration

perennial

perester

perfervid

perfix

perfluorinated

perfluoro

perfluoro-

perfluorocarbon

perfluoroheteroaromatic

perfluoropolyether

perfluorosulfonate

perfluorotributylamine

performic acid

perhydrate

perhydro

perhydroisoquinoline

perhydrosqualene

perhydrolase

perhydrolysis

perhydrolytic

perintegration

periodic

periodic acid

periodide

periodo

perlocution

permanganate

permethyl

permethylated

permethylation

permineralization

permineralize

permix

pernickety

pernigraniline

pernitrate

peroperative

peroral

perorate

perosmic

perosseous

peroxalate

peroxide

peroxodisulphate

peroxydation

perpotation

persulfurane

perprotonated

perradial

perrhenate

persalt

perselenide

persubstituted

persulfate

persulfidated

persulfidation

persulfide

persulfidic

persulfurated

persulfuration

persulfuric

persulfuric acid

persulphate

persulphocyanic acid

persulphuret

persymmetric

persymmetrical

persymmetry

pertechnetate

pertechnetic

pertrochanteric

peruse

pervaginal

pervalvar

pervanadate

perxenic

Related terms

• (extremely): pellucid, perfervid

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).

Prefix

per-

2. (no longer productive) Denoting the sense "by" or "per", as in perchance or perhaps.

Anagrams

• EPR, ERP, RPE, Rep, Rep., pre, pre-, rep

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin per-.

Prefix

per-

1. used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs

   perguapu

   very beautiful

   perblancu

   very white

   perbién

   very well

   perlloñe

   very far

See also

• -ísimu

Esperanto

Etymology

Back-formation from per.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /per/
• Rhymes: -er
• Hyphenation: per

Prefix

per-

1. denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal

   ‎per- + ‎labori (“to work”) → ‎perlabori (“to earn”)

   ‎per- + ‎ludi (“to play”) → ‎perludi (“to win”)

   ‎per- + ‎flati (“to flatter”) → ‎perflati (“to coax”)

Derived terms

Esperanto terms prefixed with per-

peranto

perflati

perlabori

French

Etymology

From Latin per-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛʁ/

Prefix

per-

1. per-

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with per-

peracétique

percarbure

perchlorique

perchlorure

percutané

pergélisol

periodique

periodure

permanganique

pernitreux

peroxydatif

perrhénate

perrhénique

persel

persulfure

persulfurique

pertechnétate

pertechnétique

perxénate

Further reading

• “per-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.