ruma

See also: Ruma, rúma, rūma, and rũma

Betawi

Etymology

From Classical Malay rumah, from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruma/
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: ru‧ma

Noun

ruma

1. house (abode)
2. house (building used for something other than a residence)

   Synonym: gedong

3. house (shell of an animal such as a snail, used for protection)
4. home (house or structure in which someone lives)

Derived terms

• ruma baca
• ruma bola
• ruma gadé
• ruma gerètan
• ruma kancing
• ruma sakit

Further reading

• Chaer, A. (2009) [1976], “ruma”, in Kamus dialek Jakarta [Dictionary of the Jakarta dialect], revised edition (in Indonesian), Depok: Masup Jakarta, →ISBN, page 393

Bola

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq.

Noun

ruma

1. house

References

• René van den Berg and Brent Wiebe, Bola Grammar Sketch

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ru‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): ru‧ma

Adjective

ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)

1. ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)

   Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen

   Antonym: kaunis

2. ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)

   Synonyms: moraaliton, ikävä, ilkeä, kelju, kurja, paha

   Hän teki meille ruman tempun. ― He played a dirty trick on us.

3. dirty, foul (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)

   ruma sana ― dirty word

Declension

Inflection of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		ruma	rumat
genitive		ruman	rumien
partitive		rumaa	rumia
illative		rumaan	rumiin
		singular	plural
nominative		ruma	rumat
accusative	nom.	ruma	rumat
	gen.	ruman
genitive		ruman	rumien rumain rare
partitive		rumaa	rumia
inessive		rumassa	rumissa
elative		rumasta	rumista
illative		rumaan	rumiin
adessive		rumalla	rumilla
ablative		rumalta	rumilta
allative		rumalle	rumille
essive		rumana	rumina
translative		rumaksi	rumiksi
abessive		rumatta	rumitta
instructive		—	rumin
comitative		—	rumine

Possessive forms of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rumani rumani accusative nom. rumani rumani gen. rumani genitive rumani rumieni rumaini rare partitive rumaani rumiani inessive rumassani rumissani elative rumastani rumistani illative rumaani rumiini adessive rumallani rumillani ablative rumaltani rumiltani allative rumalleni rumilleni essive rumanani ruminani translative rumakseni rumikseni abessive rumattani rumittani instructive — — comitative — rumineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rumasi rumasi accusative nom. rumasi rumasi gen. rumasi genitive rumasi rumiesi rumaisi rare partitive rumaasi rumiasi inessive rumassasi rumissasi elative rumastasi rumistasi illative rumaasi rumiisi adessive rumallasi rumillasi ablative rumaltasi rumiltasi allative rumallesi rumillesi essive rumanasi ruminasi translative rumaksesi rumiksesi abessive rumattasi rumittasi instructive — — comitative — ruminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rumamme rumamme accusative nom. rumamme rumamme gen. rumamme genitive rumamme rumiemme rumaimme rare partitive rumaamme rumiamme inessive rumassamme rumissamme elative rumastamme rumistamme illative rumaamme rumiimme adessive rumallamme rumillamme ablative rumaltamme rumiltamme allative rumallemme rumillemme essive rumanamme ruminamme translative rumaksemme rumiksemme abessive rumattamme rumittamme instructive — — comitative — ruminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rumanne rumanne accusative nom. rumanne rumanne gen. rumanne genitive rumanne rumienne rumainne rare partitive rumaanne rumianne inessive rumassanne rumissanne elative rumastanne rumistanne illative rumaanne rumiinne adessive rumallanne rumillanne ablative rumaltanne rumiltanne allative rumallenne rumillenne essive rumananne ruminanne translative rumaksenne rumiksenne abessive rumattanne rumittanne instructive — — comitative — ruminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rumansa rumansa accusative nom. rumansa rumansa gen. rumansa genitive rumansa rumiensa rumainsa rare partitive rumaansa rumiaan rumiansa inessive rumassaan rumassansa rumissaan rumissansa elative rumastaan rumastansa rumistaan rumistansa illative rumaansa rumiinsa adessive rumallaan rumallansa rumillaan rumillansa ablative rumaltaan rumaltansa rumiltaan rumiltansa allative rumalleen rumallensa rumilleen rumillensa essive rumanaan rumanansa ruminaan ruminansa translative rumakseen rumaksensa rumikseen rumiksensa abessive rumattaan rumattansa rumittaan rumittansa instructive — — comitative — rumineen ruminensa

Derived terms

• ruma ankanpoikanen
• rumahko
• rumasti
• rumeliini
• rumentaa
• rumeta
• rumilus
• rumistaa
• rumuus

compounds

• rumannäköinen
• rumanvärinen
• rumapiirteinen
• rumasointinen
• rumaääninen
• susiruma

Further reading

• “ruma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• Amur, mura

Gothic

Romanization

rūma

1. romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

Hiri Motu

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Noun

ruma

1. house (abode)

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑˑ]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation: ru‧ma

Noun

ruma

1. ugly
2. bad, poor (of low quality)

Declension

Declension of ruma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	ruma	rumat
genitive	ruman	rummiin
partitive	rummaa	rummia
illative	rummaa	rummii
inessive	rumas	rumis
elative	rumast	rumist
allative	rumalle	rumille
adessive	rumal	rumil
ablative	rumalt	rumilt
translative	rumaks	rumiks
essive	rumanna, rummaan	ruminna, rummiin
exessive1)	rumant	rumint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (low-quality): prostoi

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuma/

Verb

ruma (infinitive kũruma)

1. to curse, to abuse

Derived terms

(Proverbs)

• kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia

Related terms

(Nouns)

• kĩrumi class 7

References

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).