thereby

Etymology

From Middle English therby, from Old English ðǣrbig, equivalent to there +‎ by. Compare the parallel formation of German dabei.

Pronunciation

(General American) IPA^(key): /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/
(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ðɛəˈbaɪ/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -aɪ

Adverb

thereby (not comparable)

(formal) By it; by that; by that means, or as a consequence of that.
I enrolled in Old English classes and thereby learned a lot about Germanic languages.
- 1729, [Jonathan Swift], A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to Their Parents, or the Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick, Dublin: […] S[arah] Harding, […], →OCLC, pages 11–12:
  Thirdly, Whereas the Maintenance of an hundred thouſand Children, from two Years old, and upwards, cannot be computed at leſs than Ten Shillings a piece per Annum, the Nation's ſtock will be thereby encreaſed fifty thouſand pounds per Annum, beſides the profit of a new Diſh, introduced to the Tables of all Gentlemen of Fortune in the Kingdom, who have any refinement in Taſte, and the Money will circulate among our ſelves, the Goods being entirely of our own Growth and Manufacture.
- 1787, United States Constitution, Article VI, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
  This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

Synonyms

therefore, eo ipso

Derived terms

thereby hangs a tale

Translations

by that

Afrikaans: sodoende (af)
Bulgarian: така (bg) (taka), по такъв начин (po takǎv način)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 從而 / 从而 (zh) (cóng'ér), 因此 (zh) (yīncǐ), 以此 (zh) (yǐcǐ)
Dutch: daarbij (nl)
Finnish: siten (fi)
French: ainsi (fr), de ce fait (fr), par là (fr)
German: dadurch (de), damit (de), deswegen (de), darum (de), deshalb (de)
Greek: (λόγιο) ως εκ τούτου (el) (os ek toútou)
Hungarian: ezáltal (hu), általa (hu), ennélfogva (hu)
Italian: in tal modo, perciò (it), pertanto (it)
Japanese: それによって (sore ni yotte), そのために (sono tame ni)
Maori: nō reira
Norwegian:
Bokmål: derved (no)
Occitan: atal, amb aquò, per aquò
Polish: tym samym (pl)
Portuguese: com isso, assim, desta forma, dessa forma, por isso
Russian: таки́м о́бразом (ru) (takím óbrazom), (и) тем са́мым ((i) tem sámym)
Spanish: así (es), de ese modo
Swedish: därmed (sv), därigenom (sv)
Ukrainian: таки́м чи́ном (takým čýnom)
Urdu: اس کے علاوہ (is ke ilāva)

(about) hereabout, thereabout, whereabout
(abouts) hereabouts, thereabouts, whereabouts
(above) hereabove, thereabove, whereabove
(across) thereacross, whereacross
(after) hereafter, thereafter, whereafter
(against) hereagainst, thereagainst, whereagainst
(again) thereagain
(along) herealong, therealong, wherealong
(amidst) thereamidst
(amid) thereamid
(among) hereamong, thereamong, whereamong
(amongst) hereamongst, thereamongst, whereamongst
(anent) hereanent, thereanent, whereanent
(around) therearound, wherearound
(as) thereas, whereas
(at) hereat, thereat, whereat
(atop) thereatop
(before) herebefore, therebefore, wherebefore
(behind) therebehind, wherebehind
(below) herebelow, therebelow, wherebelow
(beneath) herebeneath, therebeneath
(beside) therebeside
(between) therebetween, wherebetween
(betwixt) therebetwixt
(beyond) herebeyond, therebeyond
(by) hereby, thereby, whereby
(ever) herever, therever, wherever
(fore) herefore, therefore, wherefore
(for) herefor, therefor, wherefor
(fro) herefro, therefro, wherefro
(from) herefrom, therefrom, wherefrom
(hence) herehence, therehence
(in after) hereinafter, thereinafter, whereinafter
(in before) hereinbefore, thereinbefore, whereinbefore
(in) herein, therein, wherein
(in soever) whereinsoever
(into) hereinto, thereinto, whereinto
(in which) whereinwhich
(of) hereof, thereof, whereof
(on) hereon, thereon, whereon
(onto) hereonto, thereonto, whereonto
(out) hereout, thereout, whereout
(outside) thereoutside
(over) hereover, thereover, whereover
(soever) wheresoever
(somever) wheresomever
(so) whereso
(throughout) therethroughout
(through) therethrough, wherethrough
(tofore) heretofore, theretofore, wheretofore
(to) hereto, thereto, whereto
(toward) heretoward, theretoward, wheretoward
(towards) theretowards, wheretowards
(under) hereunder, thereunder, whereunder
(until) thereuntil, whereuntil
(unto) hereunto, thereunto, whereunto
(upon) hereupon, thereupon, whereupon
(withal) herewithal, therewithal, wherewithal
(with) herewith, therewith, wherewith
(within) herewithin, therewithin, wherewithin
(without) herewithout, therewithout, wherewithout

More information about, abouts ...


																																																															about	abouts	above	across	after	afters	again	against	along	among	amongst	anent¹	around	as	at	away	beit	before	beside	between	beyond	by	ever	for	fore	forth	forward	forwards	from	hence	in above	in after	in before	in below	in elsewhere	in soever	into	in under	mid²	of	on	out	over	so	soever	somedever³	somever³	through	throughout	to	tofore	unto	up	upon	ward	wards	-wise	with	withal	within	without
																																																														hence	—	—	—	—	henceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	henceforth	henceforward	henceforwards	hencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														here	hereabout	hereabouts	hereabove	—	hereafter	hereafters	—	hereagainst	—	hereamong	hereamongst	hereanent	—	—	hereat	hereaway	—	herebefore	—	—	—	hereby	—	herefor	herefore	hereforth	hereforward	hereforwards	herefrom	herehence	hereinabove	hereinafter	hereinbefore	hereinbelow	hereinelsewhere	hereinsoever	hereinto	hereinunder	heremid	hereof	hereon	hereout	hereover	—	—	—	—	herethrough	herethroughout	hereto	heretofore	hereunto	—	hereupon	—	—	—	herewith	herewithal	herewithin	herewithout
																																																														hither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	hitherto	—	hitherunto	—	—	hitherward	hitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														how	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howbeit	—	—	—	—	—	however	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howso	howsoever	howsomedever	howsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														that	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thataway	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thatwise	—	—	—	—
																																																														thence	—	—	—	—	—	thenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceforth	thenceforward	thenceforwards	thencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceout	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														there	thereabout	thereabouts	thereabove	thereacross	thereafter	thereafters	thereagain	thereagainst	therealong	thereamong	thereamongst	thereanent	therearound	—	thereat	thereaway	—	therebefore	therebeside	therebetween	therebeyond	thereby	therever	therefor	therefore	thereforth	—	—	therefrom	therehence	thereinabove	thereinafter	thereinbefore	thereinbelow	—	—	thereinto	thereinunder	theremid	thereof	thereon	thereout	thereover	—	theresoever	—	—	therethrough	therethroughout	thereto	theretofore	thereunto	thereup	thereupon	—	—	—	therewith	therewithal	therewithin	therewithout
																																																														this	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thisaway	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thiswise	—	—	—	—
																																																														thither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherto	—	—	—	—	thitherward	thitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														what	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatso	whatsoever	whatsomedever	whatsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatwise	—	—	—	—
																																																														when	whenabout	whenabouts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenso	whensoever	—	whensomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														whence	—	—	—	—	whenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whencever	—	—	whenceforth	whenceforward	—	whencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenceward	whencewards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														where	whereabout	whereabouts	whereabove	—	whereafter	whereafters	—	whereagainst	wherealong	whereamong	whereamongst	whereanent	wherearound	whereas	whereat	whereaway	—	wherebefore	wherebeside	wherebetween	wherebeyond	whereby	wherever	wherefor	wherefore	whereforth	—	—	wherefrom	wherehence	whereinabove	whereinafter	whereinbefore	whereinbelow	—	whereinsoever	whereinto	whereinunder	wheremid	whereof	whereon	whereout	whereover	whereso	wheresoever	—	wheresomever	wherethrough	wherethroughout	whereto	wheretofore	whereunto	whereup	whereupon	—	—	—	wherewith	wherewithal	wherewithin	wherewithout
whither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherso	—	—	—	—	—	whitherto	whithertofore	—	—	—	whitherward	whitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
why	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyever	whyfor	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyso	whysoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1. Scottish 2. from Middle English mid 3. old dialectal form