Julius Caesar
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Julius caesar Yakasance dan kasar Rum ne, Yakasance mutum ne nagari ko kace mutum ne me dattaku. An haife shi ne a garin Suburra Italiya,shekararSamfuri:100BC, ya mutune[15 mayun 44BC]A garin Largo de Torre Argentina.
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Julius caesar dan ƙasar Rum ne, Yakasance mutum ne nagari ko kace mutum ne me dattako.An haife shi ne a garin Suburra Italiya shekarar 100BC, ya mutu 15 mayun 44BC a garin Largo de Torre Argentina.
Caesar ya shara a Rum duk da cewa shi ba sarki bane. Amma mulkin soja na Caesar da mulkin siyasa na Roma,a matsayin na mashahurin janar, mai ba da shawara kuma a ƙarshe mai mulkin kama-karya ya kawo canji a jamhuriya zuwa gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.
Mahaifinsa da kakansa dukansu sun kasance jami'an jamhuriya ne, amma babbar hanyar data ja dangin Caesar zuwa babban matsayi shine ta hanyar aure, kanwar mahaifin Caesar ce ta auri Gaius Marius, wanda shi ya kasance shine sarki jamhuriyyar, mai ba da shawara, kuma ya fito daga baban dangi acikin Romawa.[1]
Tin Caesar yana yaro ya fahimci siyar Romawa ta jini ce da kuma bangaranci. Lokacin da mai mulkin kama-karya Sulla ya hambarar da Gaius Marius, a lokacin ne Caesar ya tafi ketare ya shiga aikin soja. Lokacin da Sulla ya yi murabus daga mulki, Caesar wanda shi kuma a lokacin yayi nisa a aikin soja ana ganin sa a matsayin jarumi, ya shiga harkar siyasa. Ya zama gwamna a wani yanki na Spain a shekarar 60-61BC.Akwai wani da yake cewa lokacin Caesar yana dan shekara 33, yaga gunkin Alexander the great a Spain sai yayi kuka ,sai wani mutum yaje ya fada masa domin tin Caesar yana yaro Alexander yake mulkin daula mai girma, sai ya bawa Caesar matsayin mai bada shawara a Triumvirate, tare da hadin guywar attajiri Crassus, da kuma janar Pompey.
Bayan wa'adinsa na gwamana ya kare aka aika shi zuwa Gaul. Inda yayi yaki na tsawon shekaru takwas tare da Alexander the Great, wanda hakan tasa ya zama mai arziki da kuma iko. Ya zama mashahurin jarumin soja, wanda ke da alhakin kare lafiyar Rome na dogon lokaci da kuma ƙari ga yankin arewacinta.
Inda kuma Pompey ya dawo abokin hamayyar sa, kuma ƙungiyarsa a majalisar dattijai ta umarci Caesar ya kwance damara ya dawo gida daga yakin. Ya dawo gida, amma a matsayin shugaban sojoji. Yaƙin basasa na shekaru huɗu da ya biyo baya ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Romawa wanda dama ya bar Pompey sai aka kashe shi a masar.
Bayan mutuwar Pompey Caesar yana ganin aikin sane ya gyara Roma ,domin tana kokawa dan sarrafa lardunan ta ga kuma cin hanci da rashawa da ya mata katutu. Ya san cewa manyan yankuna na Roma yanzu suna da rauni saboda haka suna da bukatar jigo domin gyarata, saboda haka ya zame musu babban jigo, ya yi aiki a kan bashi da ake binta da kuma ciyarwa da inganta haihuwar yara don gina ƙarfin yaduwar Romawa. Gyaran ƙasa yana da fifiko musamman tsoffin sojoji, ƙashin bayan ikon Romawa. Ba da izinin zama ɗan ƙasa a sabbin yankuna ya haɗa kan dukkan mutanen Masarautar. Sabon Kalanda na Julian, bisa tsarin hasken rana na Masar, ya kasance har zuwa ƙarni na 16.
Ofishin mulkin kama-karya na Romawa yana nufin (ba wa mutum iko na musamman na ɗan lokaci kaɗan) Ya kasance mai mulkin kama-karya na kwanaki 11 kacal a shekara ta 48 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, zuwa shekara ta 49 kafin haihuwar Annabi IsIa Kuma a cikin shekarar 46 BC ne aka bashi wa'adin mulkin kama karya na tsawon shekara goma 10.
Amma wata daya yayi aka kashe shi.
Majalisar dattijai ta sami karin girma da iko, wanda ke cike da magoya bayansa. Jamhuriyar Roma ta kawar da sarakuna duk da haka yanzu tana da ɗaya a cikin komai amma sunan ta yayi kasa. Ba da daɗewa ba aka kulla makirci a Caesar wanda Cassius da Brutus suka jagoranta, wanda tarihi ya gaskata Brutus a matsayin ɗansa na shege. A kan Ides na Maris (15 Maris) 44 BC, gungun mutane kusan su 60 suka daba wa Caesar wuka har ya mutu. Inda akai Yaƙin basasa ga zaɓen magajin Caesar, babban ɗan wansa Octavian, ya karɓi mulki. Ba da daɗewa ba Jamhuriyar ta ƙare kuma Octavian ya zama Augustus, Sarkin Roma na farko.
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Rayuwar farko
An haifi Gaius Julius Kaisar a cikin dangin patrician, gens Julia, akan 12 ko 13 Yuli 100 BC.[2] Iyalin sun yi iƙirarin ƙaura zuwa Roma daga Alba Longa a ƙarni na bakwai kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, bayan Sarkin Roma na uku, Tullus Hostilius, ya ɗauke birninsu kuma ya lalata su. Iyalin kuma sun yi ikirarin zuriyar Julus, ɗan Aeneas kuma wanda ya kafa Alba Longa. Ganin cewa Aeneas ɗan Venus ne, wannan ya sa dangin allahntaka. Wannan zuriyar ba ta riga ta ɗauki siffarsa ta ƙarshe ba a ƙarni na farko, amma da'awar zuriyar dangin daga Venus ta kasance da kyau a cikin wayewar jama'a.[3] Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sashen Kaisar ya haife shi kansa; irin waɗannan ayyukan sun haifar da mutuwar uwa, amma mahaifiyar Kaisar ta rayu shekaru da yawa bayan haihuwarsa kuma ba a taɓa samun wata matsala ta haihuwa ba.[4]
Duk da tsohuwar zuriyarsu, Julius Caesares ba su da tasiri na siyasa musamman a lokacin tsakiyar jamhuriyar. Mutum na farko da aka sani yana da cognomen Kaisar shi ne praetor a shekara ta 208 BC a lokacin Yaƙin azaba na Biyu. Jakadan farko na iyali ya kasance a shekara ta 157 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, duk da cewa arzikinsu na siyasa ya farfado a farkon karni na farko, inda suka samar da jakadu biyu a shekara ta 91 da 90 BC.[5]mahaifin ya kasance mai matsakaicin nasara a siyasance. Ya auri Aurelia, memba na siyasa Aurelii Cottae, samar - tare da Kaisar - 'ya'ya mata biyu. Da auren nasa da auren 'yar uwarsa ga Gaius Marius mai matukar tasiri, ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar filaye ta Saturnin a shekara ta 103 BC kuma an zabe shi mai mulki a wani lokaci tsakanin 92 zuwa 85 BC; ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan lardi na Asiya na tsawon shekaru biyu, mai yiwuwa 91-90 BC.mahaifin ya kasance mai matsakaicin nasara a siyasance. Ya auri Aurelia, memba na siyasa Aurelii Cottae, samar - tare da Kaisar - 'ya'ya mata biyu. Da auren nasa da auren 'yar uwarsa ga Gaius Marius mai matukar tasiri, ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar filaye ta Saturnin a shekara ta 103 BC kuma an zabe shi mai mulki a wani lokaci tsakanin 92 zuwa 85 BC; ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan lardi na Asiya na tsawon shekaru biyu, mai yiwuwa 91-90 BC.[6]
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[7]Manazarta
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