Sinima a Misra

Sinima a Masar na nufin masana'antar fina-finai da ke ci gaba da bunƙasa a birnin Alkahira wanda aka sani da Hollywood na yankin MENA. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, babban birnin ƙasar ya gudanar da kuma bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta amince da shi . Akwai kuma wasu bukukuwa guda 12. Daga cikin fina-finai sama da 4,000 gajere da tsayin daka da aka yi a yankin MENA tun daga shekara ta alif 1908, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na fina-finan Masar ne.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Masar fina-finai suna yawanci magana a cikin kasar Masar Larabci yare.

Sinima a Misra
cinema by country or region (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	cinema (en)
Farawa	1896
Fuskar	cinema (en)
Ƙasa	Misra
Wuri
27°N 29°E

Jamila Awad, ƴar fim ɗin kasar

Metro Cinema, Alexandria Misra

tambarin Sinimar Misra

Tarihi

Farko

Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa Yahya el hub (1938).

An yi taƙaitaccen adadin fina-finan shiru wato marasa sauti a Masar tun daga shekara ta alif 1896; Laila ta shekara ta alif 1927, ta shahara a matsayin siffa mai cikakken tsayi ta farko. Masana'antar fina-finai ta Alkahira ta zama wani yanki na yanki tare da fitowar sauti. Tsakanin shekara ta alif 1930, zuwa shekara ta alif 1936, ƙananan ɗakunan studio daban-daban sun samar da aƙalla fina-finai 44. A cikin shekara ta alif 1936, Studio Misr, wanda masanin masana'antu Talaat Harb ya ba da kuɗi, ya fito a matsayin jagorar Masarawa daidai da manyan ɗakunan ɗaukar shiri na Hollywood, rawar da kamfanin ya riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. ^[1]

Masana tarihi sun yi saɓani wajen tantance farkon silima a Masar. Wasu sun ce a shekarar alif 1896, lokacin da aka fara kallon fim na farko a Masar, yayin da wasu suka fara daga ranar 20 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif 1907, tare da wani gajeren fim na Documentary game da ziyarar Khedive Abbas Hilmi na biyu a Cibiyar Mursi Abul-Abbas da ke Iskandariya. A cikin shekara ta alif 1917, darekta Mohammed Karim ya kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki a Alexandria. Kamfanin ya samar da fina-finai guda biyu: Matattu Flowers da Honor the Bedouin, wanda aka nuna a birnin Alexandria a farkon shekara ta alif 1918.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, fiye da fina-finai 4,000 ne aka shirya a Masar, kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimlar Larabawa. Ƙasar Masar ita ce kasa mafi albarka a yankin gabas ta tsakiya a fagen shirya fina-finai, kuma ƙasar da ta fi samun ci gaban tsarin yaɗa labarai.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Zamanin Zinare

Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa Berlanti (1944).

Shekarun 1940, 1950 da 1960 galibi ana ɗaukar shekarun zinare na cinema na Masar. A cikin shekarun 1950, masana'antar silima ta Masar ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya. Kamar yadda ake yi a Yamma, fina-finai sun mayar da martani ga sanannen hasashe, tare da faɗowa cikin nau'ikan da za a iya faɗi (ƙarar farin ciki shine al'ada), kuma yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suna yin sana'o'insu ba tare da buga sassa masu ƙarfi ba. A cikin kalmomin wani mai sukar, "Idan wani fim na Masar da aka yi niyya don shahararrun masu sauraro ba shi da wani daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ake bukata, ya zama cin amana na kwangilar da ba a rubuta ba tare da 'yan kallo, wanda sakamakonsa zai bayyana a cikin akwatin akwatin."^[2]

A cikin 1940, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai fassara Anis Ebeid ya kafa "Anis Ebeid Films", a matsayin kamfani na farko na fassara fim a Masar da sauran Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana kawo ɗaruruwan fina-finan Amurka da na duniya zuwa Masar. Daga baya ya shiga harkar rarraba fina-finai shima.

Sauye-sauyen siyasa a Masar bayan hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk a shekarar 1952 da farko ba su da wani tasiri a fim din Masar. Mulkin Nasser ya nemi iko a kan masana'antar ne kawai bayan ya koma tsarin gurguzu a 1961. A shekarar 1966, an mayar da masana'antar fina-finan Masar ta zama kasa. Kamar yadda yake da kowane al'amura a wancan lokacin, ana iya samun ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da masana'antar silima a lokacin. A cikin kalmomin Ahmed Ramzi, babban mutum na zamanin, "ya tafi karnuka". "Hannun gwamnati mai nauyi" wanda ke tare da ƙaddamar da fim ɗin Masar na ƙasa "ya hana sababbin abubuwan da suka faru kuma sun lalata ƙarfinsa". ^[3] Koyaya, yawancin fina-finan Masar 44 waɗanda ke cikin mafi kyawun jerin fina-finan Masar 100 na kowane lokaci an shirya su a lokacin. Sanannun lakabi sun haɗa da Daren Kidayar Shekaru, Tashar Alkahira , Mai Wasiƙa da Baya .

A shekarun 1970, fina-finan Masar sun daidaita tsakanin siyasa da nishaɗi. Fina-finai irin su Khalli Balak min Zouzou na 1972 ( Watch out for Zouzou ), wanda ke nuna "Cinderella of Arab cinema", Soad Hosny, ya nemi daidaita harkokin siyasa da masu sauraro. Zouzou ya haɗa kiɗa, raye-raye, da salon zamani cikin labarin da ya daidaita harabar ɗakin karatu tare da kiɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo na iyali.

Fim ɗin Masar mai suna Al-Rida' al-Abyad ( The White Gown ) na Hassan Ramzi a shekarar 1975 ya fito ne a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1976, inda ya sayar 61 million a kasar. Wannan ya sa ya zama fim ɗin waje mafi girma da aka samu a cikin shekarar kuma fim na bakwai mafi girma na waje da aka taɓa samu a Tarayyar Soviet . Wannan kuma ya sa ya zama fim ɗin Masar mafi girma a kowane lokaci, inda tallace-tallacen tikitin Soviet ya zarce tallace-tallacen tikitin duniya na duk sauran fina-finan Masar.

Lokacin canzawa

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980 masana’antar shirya fina-finan Masar ta yi ƙasa a gwiwa, tare da bunkasar abin da aka kira “fim ɗin kwangila”. Jarumi Khaled El Sawy ya bayyana wadannan a matsayin fina-finai "inda babu labari, babu wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samar da ingancin kowane nau'i ... fina-finai na asali wadanda ke da nufin yin kudi mai sauri." Yawan fina-finan da ake samarwa kuma ya ragu: daga kusan fina-finai 100 a shekara a fagen masana'antar zuwa kusan dozin a 1995. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani na 1997, lokacin da "Ismailia Rayeh Gayy" (fassara: Ismailia baya da gaba) ya girgiza masana'antar silima, yana jin daɗin nasara mara misaltuwa da riba mai yawa ga furodusoshi, gabatar da Mohamed Fouad ( shahararren mawaki) da Mohamed Henedi, sannan ya yi fice. Jarumin da ba a san shi ba wanda daga baya ya zama tauraron barkwanci na daya. Bisa nasarar wannan fim ɗin, an fitar da fina-finan barkwanci da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Yanzu

Tun daga shekarun 1990, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar ya tafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ƙananan fina-finai na fasaha suna jan hankalin wasu ƙasashen duniya, amma ba sa halarta a gida. Shahararrun fina-finai, galibin manyan barkwanci irin su What A Lie!, da kuma ayyuka masu fa'ida sosai na ɗan wasan barkwanci Mohamed Saad, yaƙi don ɗaukar masu sauraro ko dai sun ja hankalinsu zuwa fina-finan yammacin duniya ko kuma, suna ƙara yin taka tsantsan game da lalatar fim ɗin.

Wasu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, irin su Sahar el Layali na 2003 ( Sleepless Nights ), labarun da suka haɗa da ma'auratan bourgeois guda huɗu ^[4] da 2006 na Imrat Yacoubian ( Ginin Yacoubian ) sun haɗu da wannan rarrabuwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da babban ingancin fasaha da kuma babbar mashahuriyar sha'awa.

A cikin 2006, an fitar da fim ɗin Awkat Faragh ( Lokacin hutu ). Sharhin zamantakewa game da raguwar matasan Masar, an shirya fim ɗin a kan ƙananan kasafin kuɗi kuma yana da ma'aikacin ƙananan ƙimar samarwa. Fim ɗin, duk da haka, ya zama nasara. Batun sa mai cike da cece-kuce, wato, yanayin jima'i a cikin al'ummar yau, ana ganinsa a matsayin tabbatar da cewa masana'antar ta fara yin kasada.

Babban ƙalubalen da ke gaban masanan Masar da na duniya, dalibai da masu sha'awar fina-finan Masar, shi ne rashin wadatattun kayan aiki ta fuskar ayyukan da aka buga, da adanawa da samun kwafin fina-finan da kansu, da ci gaba a Masar na cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu da suka sadaukar da bincike da adanawa. na fim. Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta Masarawa (ENFC), wacce bisa ka'ida ta ke rike da kwafin dukkan fina-finan da aka yi bayan 1961, a cewar wani mai binciken fina-finan Masar, "da nisa da zama dakin karatu, akwai tarin gwangwani masu tsatsa da ke ɗauke da kwafi masu inganci."

A shekara ta 2007, duk da haka, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a yawan fina-finan Masar da aka yi. A cikin 1997, adadin fina-finai masu tsayi na Masar da aka ƙirƙira shine 16; Bayan shekaru 10, adadin ya haura zuwa 40. Har ila yau, bayanan akwatin ofishin sun tashi sosai, yayin da fina-finan Masar suka samu kusan dala miliyan 50 yayin da fina-finan Amurka, idan aka kwatanta, sun samu dala miliyan 10.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Bukukuwa

Tun shekara ta alif 1952, Alƙahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na Cibiyar Katolika. Shi ne bikin fina-finai mafi daɗewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Ya kware a Cinema na Masar. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, Alkahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta kasa da kasa ta amince da shi . Ana gudanar da wani bukukuwan fina-finai a Masar da haɗa da:

• Luxor African Film Festival
• Aswan International Women's Film Festival
• Cairo International Women's Film Festival
• Alexandria International Film Festival
• El Gouna Film Festival
• Cairo Cinema Days
• National Egyptian Film Festival
• Cairo Francophone Film Festival
• Catholic Center Film Festival
• Port Said Festival for Arab Films
• Film Association Festival for Egyptian Cinema
• Sharm El-Sheikh Film Festival

Fina-finai masu shahara

Title	Transliteration	Year	Director
My Father above the Tree	Abi foq al-Shagara	1969	Hussein Kamal
The Asphalt boogymen	Afarit el-asphalt	1996	Oussama Fawzi
Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves	Ali Baba wa Al Arbaeen harami	1942	Togo Mizrahi
I Am Free	Ana Horra	1959	Salah Abu Seif
Date Wine	Arak el-balah	1998	Radwan El-Kashef
The Land Of Fear	Ard El-Khof	1999	Daoud Abdel Sayed
Al-Go'a	Al-Go'a	1986	Ali Badrakhan
The Land	El Ard	1969	Youssef Chahine
The Sparrow	Al Asfour	1972	Youssef Chahine
The Return of the Prodigal Son	Awdat al ibn al dal	1976	Youssef Chahine
Sons of Egypt	Awlad Masr	1933	Togo Mizrahi
The Days of Sadat	Ayam El-Sadat	2001	Mohamed Khan
The Soft Hands	Al Ayde Al Na'ema	1963	Mahmoud Zulfikar
The Will	El Azima	1939	Kamal Selim
The Gate of Sun	Bab el shams	2004	Yousry Nasrallah
Cairo Station	Bab El-Hadid	1958	Youssef Chahine
I Love Cinema	Baheb el cima	2004	Oussama Fawzi
The Search for Sayed Marzouk	Al Bahths an Al Sayyid Marzuq	1990	Daoud Abdel Sayed
The Innocent	El Baree'	1988	Atef El-Tayeb
Barsoum Looking for a Job	Barsoum Yabhas Aen Wazifa	1923	Mohamed Bayoumi
A Beginning and an End	Bidaya wa Nihaya	1960	Salah Abu Seif
The Postman	Al Boustaguy	1968	Hussein Kamal
The Path of Mahabil	Darb al-mahabil	1955	Tawfik Saleh
The Nightingale's prayer	Doaa al-Karawan	1959	Henry Barakat
Traffic Light	Eisharit morour	1995	Khairy Beshara
In the Land of Tutankhamun	Fi bilad Tout Ankh Amoun	1923	Mohamed Bayoumi
The Paradise of the Fallen Angels	Gannat al shayateen	1999	Oussama Fawzi
The Island	El Geezera	2007	Sherif Arafa
The Flirtation of Girls	Ghazal Al Banat	1949	Anwar Wagdi
The Sin	Al Haram	1965	Henry Barakat
Chafika et Metwal	Shafika w Metwally	1978	Ali Badrakhan
Hassan and Marcus	Hassan wi Mor'os	2008	Ramy Emam
Life or Death	Haya aw Maut	1954	Kamal El Sheikh
The Choice	Al Ikhtiyar	1970	Youssef Chahine
Terrorism and Kebab	Al Irhab wal kabab	1992	Sherif Arafa
Alexandria... Why?	Iskanderija ... lih?	1978	Youssef Chahine
Karnak	Al Karnak	1975	Ali Badrakhan
The Kit Kat	El Kit Kat	1991	Daoud Abdel Sayed
The Lady's Puppet	Laabet el sitt	1946	Waley-ElDin Sameh
Leila		1927	Aziza Amir
Angel of Mercy	Malak al-Rahma	1946	Youssef Wahbi
The City	El Medina	1999	Yousry Nasrallah
The Night of Counting the Years	Al Mummia	1975	Shadi Abdel Salam
The Impossible	El Mustahil	1966	Hussein Kamal
Saladin The Victorious	El Nasser Salah El-Din	1963	Youssef Chahine
Yaaqubian building	Omaret yakobean	2006	Marwan Hamed
A Bullet in the Heart	Rossassa Fel Qalb	1944	Mohammed Karim
Return My Heart Back	Rudda Kalbi	1958	Ezz-El-Din Zulfikar
Salama is Okay	Salama fi khair	1938	Niazi Mostafa
Salamah		1945	Togo Mizrahi
The Bus Driver	Sawaq El-Autobis	1983	Atef El-Tayeb
Some of the Fear	Shey min el khouf	1969	Hussein Kamal
Struggle of the Heroes	Sira' Al Abtal	1962	Tawfik Saleh
Black Market	Suq al-Soda, Al	1945	Kamel El-Telmissany
Adrift on the Nile	Tharthara Fawq Al Neel	1971	Hussein Kamal
The Collar and the Bracelet	El Tooq wal Eswera	1986	Khairy Beshara
Adieu Bonaparte	Weda'an Bonapart	1985	Youssef Chahine
The Two Orphans	Al Yateematain	1949	Hassan Al Imam
The Sixth Day	Al Yawm al-Sadis	1986	Youssef Chahine
Happy Day	Yawm Saeed	1940	Mohammed Karim
Sweet Day, Bitter Day	Yom mor ... Yom helw	1988	Khairy Beshara
The Wife of an Important Man	Zawgat Ragol Mohim	1988	Mohamed Khan
Zeinab		1950	Mohammed Karim
The Second Wife	El Zouga El Tania	1967	Salah Abu Seif
The White Gown	Al-Rida’ al-Abyad	1975	Hassan Ramzi
People on the Top	Ahl el qema	1981	Ali Badrakhan

Fitattu a Masana'antar

Daraktoci

• Ahmed Badrakhan (1909–1969)
• Anwar Wagdi (1904–1955)
• Atef E-Taieb (1947–1995)
• Daoud Abdel Sayed (1946–)
• Ezz El-Dine Zulficar (1919–1963)
• Hassan Al Imam (1919–1988)
• Henry Barakat (1912–1997)
• Hussein Kamal (1932–2003)
• Jehane Noujaim (1974–)
• Khairy Beshara (1947–)
• Maher Sabry (1967–)
• Mahmoud Zulfikar (1914–1970)
• Marwan Hamed (1970–)
• Mohamed Khan (1942–2016)
• Mohammed Karim (1896–1972)
• Salah Abu Seif (1915–1996)
• Shady Abdel Salam (1930–1986)
• Sherif Arafa (1960–)
• Tamer El Said (1972–)
• Yousry Nasrallah (1952–)
• Youssef Chahine (1926–2008)
• Youssef Wahbi (1898–1982)

Masu Ɗauka

• Wahid Farid (1919-1998)
• Tarek El-Telmissany (1950–)

Jarumai

Manazarta

1. Darwish, Mustafa, Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, shekara ta alif 1998, Pp. 12–13.
2. "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2021-12-04. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
3. Farid, Samir, "Lights, camera... retrospection" Al-Ahram Weekly, December 30, 1999
4. "Sahar el Layali", The New York Times, 2004