Callisto

Callisto (/kəˈlɪstoʊ/ kə-LIST-oh), duusra sab se barraa Brahaspati ke chaand hae, after Ganymede ke baad. ;;Saur Mandal]] me ii tiisra sab se barraa chaand hae Ganymede aur Saturn ke sab se barraa chaand, Titan ke baad, aur lagbhag, sab se chhotaa grah, Mercury ke baraabar hae. Callisto ke diameter 4,821 km hae, jon dunia ke chaand se ek third barraa hae aur Jupiter ke orbit 1,883,000 km duur se kare hae, jon dunia ke chaand ke orbit ke paanch dafe hae. Ii Brahaspati ke chaar barra Galilean moons me se ek hae, jiske 1610 me pahila telescope se dekha gais rahaa, lekin aaj-kal ii dunia se sadhaaran durbiin se dekha jaae sake hae.

1. "Callisto". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
2. Schubert, G.; Anderson, J. D.; Spohn, T.; McKinnon, W. B. (2004). "Interior composition, structure and dynamics of the Galilean satellites". In Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B.. Jupiter : the planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–306. ISBN 978-0521035453. OCLC 54081598. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMERHqj9ivcC&pg=PA281. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
3. Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
4. "Classic Satellites of the Solar System". Observatorio ARVAL. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2007.

Callisto

Callisto ke chhaapa, sachchaa rang me Voyager 2 spacecraft, July 1979 me utaris rahaa
Discovery
Discovered by	Galileo Galilei Simon Marius
Discovery date	7 January 1610
Designations
Pronunciation	/kəˈlɪstoʊ/ (kə-LIST-oh)[1]
Named after	Καλλιστώ Kallistō
Alternative names	Jupiter Template:Rn
Adjectives	Callistoan /ˌkælɪˈstoʊ.ən/ (KAL-iss-TOH-ən) etc. (see text)
Orbital characteristics
Periapsis	1,869,000 kmPeriapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): ${\displaystyle a(1-e)}$.
Apoapsis	1,897,000 kmApoapsis is derived from the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e): ${\displaystyle a(1+e)}$.
Semi-major axis	1,882,700 km
Eccentricity	0.0074
Orbital period (sidereal)	16.6890184 d
Average orbital speed	8.204 km/s
Inclination	2.017° (to the ecliptic) 0.192° (to local Laplace planes)
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Galilean moon
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	2,410.3±1.5 km (0.378 Earths)
Surface area	7.305×107 km2 (0.143 Earths)Surface area derived from the radius (r): ${\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}$.
Volume	5.866×1010 km3 (0.0541 Earths)Volume derived from the radius (r): ${\displaystyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}}$.
Mass	(1.075938±0.000137)×1023 kg (0.018 Earths)
Mean density	1.8344±0.0034 g/cm3 (0.333 Earths)
Surface gravity	1.235 m/s2 (0.126 g)Surface gravity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): ${\displaystyle {\frac {Gm}{r^{2}}}}$.
Moment of inertia factor	0.3549±0.0042[2]
Escape velocity	2.441 km/sEscape velocity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): ${\displaystyle \textstyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}$.
Synodic rotation period	synchronous
Axial tilt	<1°[3] (to Jupiter's equator)
North pole right ascension	268.72°[3]
North pole declination	64.83°[3]
Albedo	0.22 (geometric)
Surface temp. min mean max K 80±5 134±11 165±5
Apparent magnitude	5.65 (opposition)[4]
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	0.75 μPa (7.40×10−12 atm)
Composition by volume	≈ 4×108 molecules/cm3 carbon dioxide; up to 2×1010 molecules/cm3 molecular oxygen (O2)