Denisovano

Humanes de Denisova o denisovanes^[1] es un specie extincte del genere Homo; illes se trovava in Asia durante le Paleolithico (inter 450 milles e 40 milles annos retro).^[2] Le denisovanes esseva primemente identificate in 2010 per ADN mitochondrial de un osso digital juvenil trovate in le Caverna Denisova in Siberia. Le denisovanes coexisteva con Homo sapiens moderne durante milles de annos, e alicun mesticiage occurreva. Homo heidelbergensis es typicamente considerate como le ancestre commun de Homo neanderthalensis e le Denisovanes.

Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox Denisovan
Replica de un molar denisovan.
Classification scientific
Dominio: Eukaryota Regno: Animalia Phylo: Chordata Classe: Mammalia Ordine: Primates Familia: Hominidae Subfamilia: Homininae Tribo: Hominini Subtribo: Hominina Genere: Homo
Potential specie
Homo denisovensis o Homo altaiensis

Phylogenia

Un grande diversitate genetic (fr) se observa intra Denisovanes.^[3][4]

Le analyse del ADN nuclear de spécimenes fossile de Homo sapiens, Neandertalianes e Denisovanes, effectuate in 2016 per le equipa del Instituto Max-Planck de anthropologia evolutionnista (Leipzig) ducite per Svante Pääbo, monstra que Neandertalianes e Denisovanes habeva un ancestre commun circa 450 ka retro, e que un altere con Homo sapiens un ancêtre commun circa 660 ka retro. Iste conclusiones resulta del analyse de duo specimenes fossile del Sima de los Huesos (es) (Espania), datate de 430 ka, (Neandertalianes pauc post la separation de Denisovanes.^[5]

Cladogramma de lineages human europee secundo le ADN identificate in le Sima de los Huesos

NB. Un studio publicate in 2020 indica que le chromosomas Y de Denisovanes se separeva circa 700 ka retro de un lineage commun al Neandertalianes analysate et humanes moderne; iste duo ultimates se diversificava 37 ka AP. Iste phylogenia es non conforme con isto revelate per le genoma autosomal (en) (non sexual) et revela un hybridation de Neanderthalianes recente con un lineage precoce de Homo sapiens qui conduce a reimplaciar le chromosoma Y (heritate directemente del patre) o le ADN mitochondrial (heritate del matre) de iste individuos per material genetic de H. sapiens.^[6]

Le analyse comparative del genomas fossile e del introgressiones denisovan intra le genomas oceanian actual, conduce a distinger Denisovianes del nord (fossiles del Altai o chinese) e del sud (sin fossile cognite)^[7] :

ancestre commun (ca 650 ka AP)	(ca 450 ka) Neandertalianes (ca 350 ka) Denisovanes del nord Denisovanes del sud (ca 250 ka) humanes moderne

Specimenes

Name	Fossile	Datation	Discoperta	Loco	Individuo	Publication	Imagine	GenBank
Denisova 3 (also known as X Woman)[8][9][10]	phalange (en) distal (5e digito)	76.2–51.6 ka[11]	2008	cava Denisova (Russia)	femina de 13.5 annos	2010	Replica of part of the phalanx.	NC013993
Denisova 4[8][12]	2e o 3e molar superior permanente	84.1–55.2 ka[11]	2000	cava Denisova (Russia)	adulto mascule	2010	Replica of the molar of Denisova. Part of the roots was destroyed to study the mtDNA. Their size and shape indicate it is neither neanderthal nor sapiens.	FR695060
Denisova 8[13]	3e molar superior permanente	136.4–105.6 ka[11]	2010	cava Denisova (Russia)	adulto mascule	2015		KT780370
Denisova 2[14]	2e molar inferior caduc	194.4–122.7 ka[11]	1984	cava Denisova (Russia)	femina adolescente	2017		KX663333
Xiahe mandibula[15]	mandibula partial	> 160 ka	1980	cava Baishiya (China)		2019
Denisova 11 (fr) (dicite "Denny", hybride Denisovan x Neanderthal)[16]	fragmento ossee de brazo o gambo	118.1–79.3 ka[11]	2012	cava Denisova (Russia)	femina de 13 annos	2016		KU131206
Denisova 13[17]	fragmento de osso parietal	trovate in strato 22[17] de ~285±39 ka[4]	2019	cava Denisova (Russia)		attendite
TNH2-1[18]	1e o 2e molar inferior permanente	164–131 ka	2018	cava Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Laos)	puera de 3.5 ad 8.5 annos	2022

• 
  Un molar denisovan
• 
  Le distribution e evolution del denisovanos
• 
  Objectos del Caverna Denisova
• 
  Objectos del Caverna Denisova

Vide etiam

• Homo neanderthalensis

Referentias

1. Derivation (in ordine alphabetic): (ca) Denissovans || (de) Denisova-Mensch || (en) Denisovan || (es) Hombre de Denísova || (fr) Homme de Denisova || (it) Homo di Denisova || (pt) Hominídeo de Denisova || (ro) Omul de Denisova || (ru) Денисовский человек
2. Molar hallado sugiere que el hombre de denísova también prospero en los trópicos
3. M. Meyer, M. Kircher, M.-T. Gansauge et al. (2012-08-30). "A High-Coverage Genome Sequence from an Archaic Denisovan Individual". Science. doi:10.1126/science.1224344..
4. Guy S. Jacobs, Georgi Hudjashov, Lauri Saag, Pradiptajati Kusuma, Chelzie C. Darusallam, Daniel J. Lawson, Mayukh Mondal, Luca Pagani, François-Xavier Ricaut, Mark Stoneking, Mait Metspalu, Herawati Sudoyo, J. Stephen Lansing & Murray P. Cox (2019). "Multiple Deeply Divergent Denisovan Ancestries in Papuans". Cell 177 (4): 1010-1021.e32. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.035. ISSN 0092-8674.
5. M. Meyer, J.-L. Arsuaga, C. de Filippo et al. (2016). "Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins". Nature 531: 504-7. doi:10.1038/nature17405.
6. Martin Petr et al. (2020-03-09). "The evolutionary history of Neandertal and Denisovan Y chromosomes". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.983445.
7. Pour la Science, décembre 2019, p. 32.
8. "Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia" (2010). Nature 468 (7327): 1053–60. doi:10.1038/nature09710. PMID 21179161. PMC:4306417. Bibcode: 2010Natur.468.1053R.
9. "Morphology of the Denisovan phalanx closer to modern humans than to Neanderthals" (2019). Science Advances 5. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw3950. PMID 31517046. Bibcode: 2019SciA....5.3950B.
10. "The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia" (in en) (2010). Nature 464 (7290): 894–897. doi:10.1038/nature08976. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20336068. Bibcode: 2010Natur.464..894K.
11. "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave" (2019). Nature 565 (7741): 640–644. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z. PMID 30700871. Bibcode: 2019Natur.565..640D. Archived 6 maio 2020 at the Wayback Machine
12. "Fossil genome reveals ancestral link" (2010). Nature 468 (7327): 1012. doi:10.1038/4681012a. PMID 21179140. Bibcode: 2010Natur.468.1012C.
13. "Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals" (2015). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (51): 15696–700. doi:10.1073/pnas.1519905112. PMID 26630009. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11215696S.
14. "A fourth Denisovan individual" (2017). Science Advances 3 (7): e1700186. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700186. PMID 28695206. Bibcode: 2017SciA....3E0186S.
15. "A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau" (2019). Nature 569 (7756): 409–412. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1139-x. PMID 31043746. Bibcode: 2019Natur.569..409C.
16. "Identification of a new hominin bone from Denisova Cave, Siberia using collagen fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analysis" (2016). Scientific Reports 6. doi:10.1038/srep23559. PMID 27020421. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...623559B.
17. "A parietal fragment from Denisova cave" (2019). 88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Archived 26 septembre 2019 at the Wayback Machine
18. "A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos" (2022). Nature Communications 13 (2557). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29923-z. PMID 35581187. Bibcode: 2022NatCo..13.2557D.

Nota

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