Perang melawan ISIS

Perang melawan ISIS
	Bagian dari Perang Melawan Teror, Perang Saudara Libya Kedua, Perang di Irak (2013–2017), perang saudara Suriah dan dampaknya, pemberontakan Sinai, pemberontakan Boko Haram, pemberontakan di Kaukasus Utara, konflik Moro, pemberontakan di Cabo Delgado, pemberontakan ISIS di Puntland, Perang Sahel, dan pemberontakan jihadis Salafi di Jalur Gaza
	; Dari atas ke bawah, kiri ke kanan: Humvee milik ISOF di jalan Mosul, Irak Utara, 16 November 2016 selama Pertempuran Mosul; Dassault Rafale Prancis mendarat di USS Carl Vinson selama Operasi Chammal; Sepasang pesawat pengebom Angkatan Udara Rusia Tu-22M melakukan serangan di Suriah; Marinir AS melakukan misi penembakan di Suriah utara; Sepasang pesawat tempur F-15E Strike Eagle Angkatan Udara AS di atas Irak; Wilayah ISIS pada 31 Januari 2024 di Irak dan Suriah, serta Lebanon
Tanggal	13 Juni 2013 – saat ini
Lokasi	Irak, Suriah, Mesir, Libya, Nigeria, Afganistan, Kaukasus Utara, dan Asia Tenggara
Hasil	Sedang berlangsung; ISIS dikalahkan secara militer di Irak, Suriah dan Libya
Pihak terlibat
In multiple regions: CJTF–OIR; IMCTC; In Iraq Iraq; Iraqi Kurdistan; United States; Iran; ; In Syria Ba'athist Syria (2011–2024); Russia (2015 – 2024); Iran (2013 – 2024); Syrian transitional government (since 2024); Turkey; Syrian Salvation Government (2017–2024); Syrian Interim Government (2013–2025); Templat:Country data Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (2015–present); United States; ; In Egypt Egypt (See: Sinai insurgency); Israel; Hamas; ; In Libya Libya Government of National Accord House of Representatives; Egypt; France; United States; ; In Afghanistan Templat:Country data Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; Templat:Country data Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban, conflict since 2015); ; In West Africa Multinational Joint Task Force; ; In Pakistan Pakistan United States Supported by:; United Kingdom ;	Islamic State Wilayat Libya; (in Libya); Wilayat Sinai; (in the Sinai peninsula); ISWAP (West Africa); IS-GS (Sahel); IS-CAP (Central Africa); Ansar al-Sunna; (in Mozambique); Wilayat Khorasan; (in Afghanistan and Iran); Wilayat Qavqaz; (in the North Caucasus); Abu Sayyaf; (in Southeast Asia); Wilayat Somalia; (in Somalia); Wilayat Pakistan (in Pakistan); ;
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Donald Trump (2017–2021 and from 2025); Pete Hegseth (from 2025); Keir Starmer (from 2024); John Healey (from 2024); Emmanuel Macron (from 2017); Sébastien Lecornu (from 2022); Australia Anthony Albanese (from 2022); Belgium Bart De Wever (from 2025); Belgium Theo Francken (from 2025); Hamad Al Khalifa; Mette Frederiksen (from 2019); Troels Lund Poulsen (from 2023); Mark Carney (from 2025); Bill Blair (from 2023); Friedrich Merz (from 2025); Boris Pistorius (from 2023); Giorgia Meloni (from 2022); Guido Crosetto (from 2022); Allies King Abdullah II; King Mohammed VI; Dick Schoof (from 2024); Ruben Brekelmans (from 2024); Jonas Gahr Støre (from 2021); Tore O. Sandvik (from 2025); Tamim Al Thani; King Salman (from 2015); Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; Yaşar Güler (from 2023); Mohamed Al Nahyan (from 2022); ; Ahmed al-Sharaa (from 2024); Allies Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani (from 2022); Nechirvan Barzani (from 2019); Khalifa Haftar (from 2014); Saddam Haftar (from 2016); Ali Khamenei; Allies Naim Qassem (from 2024); Vladimir Putin; Mikhail Mishustin (from 2020); Andrey Belousov (from 2024) ; Joseph Aoun (from 2025); Shehbaz Sharif (2022–2023 and from 2024) ; Hibatullah Akhundzada (from 2016) ; Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Bola Tinubu (from 2023); Mahamat Déby (from 2021); Paul Biya; Abdourahamane Tchiani (from 2023); Allies Évariste Ndayishimiye (from 2020) ; ;	Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (leader); Former Leaders Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi ⚔; (Former leader); Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi ⚔; (Former leader); Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi ⚔; (Former leader); Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ⚔; (Former leader); Abu Ali al-Anbari ⚔; (Deputy Leader of IS) ; Abu Ayman al-Iraqi ⚔ (Head of Military Shura); Abu Muslim al-Turkmani ⚔ (Deputy Leader, Iraq); Abu Osama al-Masri ⚔ (Emir of Sinai) Abu Omar al-Shishani ⚔ (Chief commander in Syria); Abu Muhammad al-Kadari ⚔ (former IS commander of the North Caucasus); Abu Nabil al-Anbari ⚔ (former IS commander of North Africa); Abu Musab al-Barnawi (IS Emir of West Africa); Abu Abdullah al-Filipini ⚔ (IS Emir of the Philippines and Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf); Radullan Sahiron ⚔ (Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf) ;
Kekuatan
United States: 4,100 troops (in Iraq) ; 2,500 troops (in Kuwait) ; 7,000 contractors ; 500 soldiers to retrain the Iraqi army ; Australia: 400 RAAF personnel ; 200 special forces troops ; 300+ regular soldiers (combined with 100+ New Zealand soldiers) ; Canada: Up to 200 special forces advisers ; 830 Canadian Armed Forces personnel ; Germany: 1200 troops ; Italy: 130 search and rescue team ; 1,200 troops ; Russia: 4,000 personnel; ; Iran: 500 Quds Force members ; 1,500 Basijis ; Nigeria: Army: 130,000 active frontline troops. 32,000 active reserve troops. ; Police Force: 371,000 officers ; Cameroon: 20,000 soldiers ; African Union: 8,700 soldiers ; Syrian Salvation Government: 50,000+ soldiers ; Islamic Front (2013-2015); 26,000-30,000 soldiers ;	IS: 200,000 in Iraq and Syria (claim by Iraqi Kurdistan Chief of Staff) ; 28,600–31,600 in Iraq and Syria (Defense Department estimate) ; 35,000–100,000 (State Department estimate) ; 1,500+ in Egypt ; 6,500–10,000 in Libya ; 7,000–10,000 in Nigeria ; 1,000–3,000 in Afghanistan ; At least 400 in the Philippines and Malaysia ; Up to 600 tanks ;
Korban
Iraq 16,000+ killed and 13,000+ wounded; ; Templat:Country data Syrian Kurdistan Rojava 11,000+ fighters killed; ; Templat:Country data Ba'athist Syria Ba'athist Syria 8,000+ soldiers killed; ; Templat:Country data Syrian Opposition Syrian Opposition 3,378+ fighters killed; ; Kurdistan Region: 1,500+ fighters killed; 6,000+ fighters wounded; 52 fighters missing; ; Egypt 700+ security forces killed; ; Chad 101 servicemen killed; ; Turkey 76 servicemen killed; ; Nigeria 48 servicemen killed; ; Iran: 35 servicemen killed; ; Russia: 28 servicemen killed; ; Niger 9 servicemen killed; ; United States 6 servicemen killed; 16 servicemen wounded; ; Cameroon 6 servicemen killed; ; Saudi Arabia 3 border guards killed; ; Canada 1 serviceman killed; ; France 2 servicemen killed; ; United Kingdom 3 servicemen killed; ; Jordan 1 serviceman killed; ;	Islamic State: 80,000+ killed in Iraq and Syria since 2014 50,000+ killed in Syria per SOHR; ; 1,500–2,500 killed in Libya; 974 killed in Philippines; 300 killed in Afghanistan; 1,000+ killed in Egypt; ; 83,000+ militants killed overall
	13,568+ Iraqi civilians killed by Islamic State ; 5,939+ Syrian civilians killed by Islamic State 8,317–13,190 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Airwars) ; 1,417 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Coalition); 4,096–6,085 civilians killed by Russian airstrikes in Syria 3,300,000 Iraqi civilians displaced

Banyak negara mulai melakukan intervensi melawan Negara Islam Irak dan Syam (IS, ISIL, atau ISIS) dalam Perang Saudara Suriah dan Perang Saudara Irak (2013–2017), menyusul kemajuan pesat ISIS dalam serangan di Irak Utara 2014, eksekusi yang dikutuk secara universal, pelanggaran HAM, serta kekhawatiran meluasnya dampak perang Suriah. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, beberapa negara juga melakukan intervensi kecil terhadap kelompok afiliasi ISIS di Nigeria dan Libya. Upaya-upaya ini berhasil melemahkan kemampuan ISIS secara signifikan sekitar 2019-2020. Hingga 2025, IS telah terkonsentrasi di wilayah kecil dengan kemampuan terbatas, meski pertempuran sedang masih berlanjut di Suriah.

Fakta Singkat Tanggal, Lokasi ...

Pada pertengahan Juni 2014, berdasarkan informasi AS dan Britania Raya, Iran mulai mengerahkan drone di Irak, sementara Reuters melaporkan keberadaan tentara Iran yang bertempur melawan ISIS. Secara bersamaan, AS mengirim sejumlah kecil pasukan dan mulai menerbangkan pesawat berawak di Irak. Menurut Institut Internasional untuk Studi Strategis, pada Juli 2014 Iran mengirim pesawat Sukhoi Su-25 ke Irak, sementara Hizbullah dikabarkan mengirim pelatih dan penasihat untuk membantu milisi Syiah memantau pergerakan ISIS. Agustus 2014 menandai dimulainya serangan udara AS dan Iran secara terpisah terhadap target IS di Irak. Sejak itu, koalisi pimpinan AS yang terdiri dari 14 negara juga melancarkan serangan udara di Irak dan Suriah. Mulai September 2014, AS bekerja sama erat dengan Arab Saudi dan Yordania untuk kampanye pengeboman terkoordinasi melawan target ISIS di kedua negara.^[95]

Intervensi militer Rusia di Suriah dimulai September 2015 untuk mendukung sekutunya Bashar al-Assad melawan ISIS. Meski secara resmi digambarkan sebagai operasi anti-ISIS dan menyatakan dukungan untuk "oposisi Suriah yang patriotik", sebagian besar serangan Rusia difokuskan pada penghancuran basis milisi oposisi Suriah seperti Tentara Pembebasan Suriah (FSA) dan Front Selatan.^[96] Di sisi lain, AS dan sekutu Baratnya menentang rezim Ba'ath karena dukungannya pada terorisme, represi kekerasan terhadap revolusi Suriah, dan penggunaan senjata kimia. Koalisi pimpinan AS melatih, mempersenjatai, dan mendukung milisi sekuler Tentara Pembebasan Suriah serta Kurdi yang menentang pemerintah Assad selama kampanye anti-ISIS.^[97] Dalam beberapa bulan setelah dimulainya kedua kampanye udara ini, ISIS mulai kehilangan wilayah di Irak dan Suriah,^[98] meski korban sipil dari serangan udara mulai meningkat pada 2015-2016.^[99]^[100] Rencana koordinasi serangan udara AS-Rusia pertengahan 2016 akhirnya tidak terwujud.^[101]^[102]

Hingga Desember 2017, ISIS diperkirakan telah kehilangan seluruh wilayahnya di Irak dan hanya menguasai 5% wilayah Suriah setelah pertempuran berkepanjangan.^[103] Pada 9 Desember 2017, Irak menyatakan kemenangan atas ISIS dan mengakhiri Perang di Irak. Kekalahan teritorial ISIS di Suriah terjadi pada 23 Maret 2019 setelah kekalahan dalam Pertempuran Baghuz Fawqnai, memaksa ISIS beralih ke perang gerilya.^[104] Pemimpin ISIS Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi tewas dalam operasi khusus AS di Suriah utara Oktober 2019, digantikan oleh Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi. Menurut perkiraan PBB pada Agustus 2020, lebih dari 10.000 personel ISIS tetap aktif di Suriah dan Irak, terutama sebagai gerakan bawah tanah.^[105]

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Perang melawan ISIS

Referensi

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