Bernard Williams

Bernard Arthur Owen Williams (21. september 1929 – 10. júní 2003) var breskur heimspekingur sem var af mörgum talinn einn mikilvægasti breski siðfræðingur sinnar kynslóðar.^[1]

Bernard Arthur Owen Williams
Persónulegar upplýsingar
Fæddur	21. september 1929
Svæði	Vestræn heimspeki
Tímabil	Heimspeki 20. aldar
Skóli/hefð	Rökgreiningarheimspeki
Helstu ritverk	Problems of the Self; Moral Luck; Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy
Helstu kenningar	Problems of the Self; Moral Luck; Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy
Helstu viðfangsefni	siðfræði, hugspeki

Hann var Knightsbridge-prófessor í heimspeki við Cambridge-háskóla í rúman áratug og síðar Deutsch-prófessor í heimspeki við Kaliforníuháskóla í Berkeley.

Williams varð þekktur alþjóðlega fyrir tilraunir sínar til þess að snúa aftur að rótum siðfræðinnar: að sögu og menningu, stjórnmálum og sálfræði og ekki síst til Forn-Grikkja. Honum var lýst sem „rökgreiningarheimspekingi með sál húmanista“.^[2] Hann hafnaði smættarhyggju og lét eitt sinn hafa eftir sér að smættarhyggjumenn væru þeir sem honum mislíkaði raunverulega.^[3]

Williams vildi greiða götu kvenna innan háskólasamfélagsins og Martha Nussbaum sagði að hann væri eins nálægt því að geta talist femínisti eins og maður í hans stöðu gæti nokkurn tíma orðið.^[4].

Helstu rit

Bækur

• Philosophy As A Humanistic Discipline, A. W. Moore (ritstj.) (2006)
• The Sense Of The Past: Essays In The Philosophy Of History (2006)
• In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument (2005)
• Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy (2002)
• Making Sense of Humanity (1995)
• Shame and Necessity (1993)
• Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985)
• Moral Luck (1981)
• Descartes: The Project of Pure Inquiry (1978)
• Utilitarianism: For and Against ásamt J.J.C. Smart (1973)
• Problems of the Self (1973)
• Morality: An Introduction to Ethics (1972)

Greinar

• „Philosophy As a Humanistic Discipline“, Philosophy 75 (2000): 477–496.
• „Understanding Homer: Literature, History and Ideal Anthropology“, hjá Neil Roughley (ritstj.), Being Humans: Anthropological Universality and Particularity in Transdisciplinary Perspectives (de Gruyter, 2000).
• „Tolerating the Intolerable“, hjá Susan Mendus (ritstj.), The Politics of Toleration (Edinburgh University Press, 1999).
• „Moral Responsibility and Political Freedom“, Cambridge Law Journal 56 (1997).
• „Stoic Philosophy and the Emotions: Reply to Richard Sorabji“, hjá Richard Sorabji (ritstj.), Aristotle and After, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 68 (1997).
• „Contemporary Philosophy: A Second Look“, hjá N.F. Bunnin (ritstj.), The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy (Blackwell, 1996).
• „History, Morality, and the Test of Reflection“, hjá Christine Korsgaard (höf.), Onora O'Neill (ritstj.), The Sources of Normativity (Cambridge University Press, 1996).
• „The Politics of Trust“, hjá Patricia Yeager (ritstj.), The Geography of Identity (University of Michigan Press, 1996).
• „The Women of Trachis: Fictions, Pessimism, Ethics“, hjá R. B. Louden og P. Schollmeier (ritstj.), The Greeks and Us (Chicago University Press, 1996).
• „Truth, Politics and Self-Deception“, Social Research 63 (3) (1996).
• „Toleration: An Impossible Virtue?“, hjá David Heyd (ritstj.), Toleration: An Exclusive Virtue (Princeton University Press, 1996).
• „Reasons, Values and the Theory of Persuasion“, hjá Francesco Farina, Frank Hahn og Stafano Vannucci (ritstj.), Ethics, Rationality and Economic Behavior (Oxford University Press, 1996).
• „Truth in Ethics“, Ratio 8 (3) (1995): 227–42.
• „Acting as the Virtuous Person Acts“, hjá Robert Heinaman (ritstj.), Aristotle and Moral Realism (Westview Press, 1995).
• „Ethics“, hjá A. C. Grayling (ritstj.), Philosophy: A Guide Through the Subject, (Oxford University Press, 1995).
• „Identity and Identities“, hjá Henry Harris (ritstj.), Identity: Essays Based on Herbert Spencer Lectures Given in the University of Oxford (Oxford University Press, 1995).
• „Cratylus' Theory of Names and Its Refutation“, hjá Stephen Everson (ritstj.), Language (Cambridge University Press, 1994).
• „Descartes and the Historiography of Philosophy“, hjá John Cottingham (ritstj.), Reason, Will and Sensation: Studies in Descartes's Metaphysics (Oxford University Press, 1994).
• „The Actus Reus of Dr. Caligari“, Pennsylvania Law Review 142 (1994).
• „Pagan Justice and Christian Love“, Apeiron 26 (3–4) (1993): 195–207.