Testudines

Testudines sunt animalia classis reptilium, quibus est praecipua testa ossea vel cartilaginea, ex eorum costis evoluta et scutum agendum.^[3] Ordo species ambas exstantis exstinctasque comprehendit. Primae huius gregis species Iurassico medio ortae sunt,^[2] qua pro causa testudines sunt unus ex veterrimis reptilium gregibus, atque anguibus crocodiliisque antiquior. Ex 356 speciebus notis^[1] quae hodie in vita sunt, nonnullae in periculum addicuntur.^[1]

Terrapene carolina

---

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Reptilia 
Ordo : Testudines 
Batsch, 1788^[1]

   

Palaeontologia

Iurassico medio – Praesens,^[2] Aalenian–Holocaenum

pЄ

Є

O

S

D

C

P

T

I

K

pg

n

Expression error: Unexpected < operator.

Expression error: Unexpected < operator.

Subdivisiones: Subgreges

Cryptodira

Pleurodira

†Paracryptodira

Synonyma

* Chelonii Latreille 1800

• Chelonia Ross and Macartney 1802

Territorium

Distributio geographica: caeruleus, testudines maritimi; niger, testudines terrestres

Testudines sunt ectothermi—animalia vulgo poikilothermi appellata—quod significat eorum temperaturam internum cum temperatura ambiente variare. Corporea autem Dermochelytis coriaceae temperatura, propter eius altam proportionem metabolicam, aqua circumpatenti insigniter altior est. Testudines amniota classificantur, cum aliis reptilibus, avibus, et mammalibus. Aliorum amniotorum similes, aerem suspirant, et ova in aqua non pariunt, quamquam multae species in aut prope aquam habitant.

Classificatio

Ordo Testudines Linnaeus, 1758

• Subordo Pleurodira Cope, 1864
  • Familia †Apertotemporalidae Kühne, 1937
  • Familia †Platychelyidae Brän, 1965 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
  • Familia †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996
  • Familia †Notoemyidae Fernandez & Fuente, 1994
  • Superfamilia Cheloides Gray, 1825 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
    • Familia Chelidae Gray, 1825
  • Superfamilia Pelomedusoides Cope, 1868 sensu Broin 1988
    • Familia †Araripemydidae Price, 1973
    • Familia Pelomedusidae
    • Familia †Euraxemydidae Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
    • Familia †Bothremydidae Baur, 1891
    • Familia Podocnemididae Cope, 1868
• Subordo Cryptodira Duméril & Bibron, 1835
  • Infraordo Eucryptodira Gaffney, 1975a sensu Gaffney, 1984
    • Familia †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
    • Familia †Eurysternidae Dollo, 1886
    • Familia †Plesiochelyidae Baur, 1888
    • Familia †Xinjiangchelyidae Nesov, 1990
    • Cladus Centrocryptodira
      • Familia †Osteopygidae Zangerl, 1953
      • Familia †Sinemydidae Yeh, 1963
    • Cladus Polycryptodira Gaffney, 1988
      • Cladus Pantrionychia
        • Familia †Adocidae
        • Superfamilia Trionychoidea Gray, 1870
          • Familia Carettochelyidae Boulenger, 1887
          • Familia Trionychidae Fitzinger, 1826
        • Superfamilia Testudinoidea Baur, 1893
          • Familia †Haichemydidae Sukhanov & Narmandakh, 2006
          • Familia †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
          • Familia †Sinochelyidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
          • Familia Emydidae (Rafinesque, 1815)
          • Familia Geoemydidae Theobald, 1868
          • Familia Testudinidae Batsch, 1788
        • Cladus Americhelydia Crawford et al., 2014
          • Familia Chelydridae Gray, 1831
          • Superfamilis Kinosternoidea Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004
            • Familia Dermatemydidae Gray, 1870
            • Familia Kinosternidae Agassiz, 1857
          • Superfamilia Chelonioidea Bauer, 1893
            • Familia †Toxochelyidae Baur, 1895
            • Familia Cheloniidae Oppel, 1811
            • Familia†Thalassemydidae
            • Familia Dermochelyidae Fitzinger, 1843
            • Familia †Protostegidae Cope, 1872
• Cladus †Paracryptodira
  • Familia †Pleurosternidae Cope, 1868
  • Familia †Compsemyidae
  • Familia †Baenidae Cope, 1882