Jerman Nazi memiliki kem-kem tahanan (Jerman: Konzentrationslagercode: de is deprecated [kɔntsɛntʁaˈtsi̯oːnsˌlaːɡɐ], KZ atau KL) diserata wilayah yang ditaklukinya. Kem tahanan pertama Nazi telah didirikan di Jerman pada Mac 1933 sejurus selepas Hitler menjadi Canselor dan Parti Nazi telah diberi kuasa mengawal pasukan polis melalui Menteri Dalam Negeri Reich Wilhelm Frick dan Pemangku Menteri Dalam Negeri Prusia Hermann Goering.[1] Digunakan untuk menahan dan mendera musuh politik dan penganjur kesatuan, pada mulanya kem tersebut menahan hampir 45,000 orang salah.[2]
SSHeinrich Himmler mengambil alih kawalan polis dan kem tahanan diseluruh Jerman pada tahun 1934–35.[3] Himmler mengembangkan peranan kem untuk menangkap apa yang dikenali sebagai "unsur-unsur perkauman yang tidak diingini" dalam masyarakat Jerman, seperti Yahudi, penjenayah, homoseksual, dan Romani.[4] Bilangan orang di kem, yang jatuh pada 7,500 orang, meningkat semula ke 21,000 orang pada permulaan Perang Dunia II[5] dan memuncak pada 715,000 orang pada Januari 1945.[6]
Kem-kem tahanan telah ditadbir sejak tahun 1934 oleh Inspektorat Kem Tahanan yang mana pada tahun 1942 telah digabungkan kedalam SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt dan dijaga oleh SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV).
Para cendiakawan sejarah Holokus membezakan antara kem tahanan (diterangkan dalam artikel ini) dan kem penghapusan, yang telah ditubuhkan oleh pihak Nazi untuk pelupusan besar-besaran terutamanya ghetto Yahudi dan populasi kem tahanan.
Stone, Dan G.; Wood, Angela (2007). Holocaust: The events and their impact on real people, in conjunction with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education. m/s.144. ISBN0-7566-2535-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Holocaust: The events and their impact on real people, DK Publishing in conjunction with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, p. 145.
Holocaust: The events and their impact on real people, DK Publishing in conjunction with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, p. 146.
A film with scenes from the liberation of Dachau, Buchenwald, Belsen and other Nazi concentration camps, supervised by the British Ministry of Information and the American Office of War Information, was begun but never finished or shown. It lay in archives until first aired on PBS's Frontline on May 7, 1985. The film, partly edited by Alfred Hitchcock, can be seen online at Memory of the Camps.
Friedlander, Henry (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. m/s.144.
Concentration Camp Listing Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo Le livre des Camps. Belgium: Editions Kritak; and Gilbert, Martin Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: William Morrow 1993 ISBN 0-688-12364-3. In this on-line site are published the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.
Andrew Szanajda "The restoration of justice in postwar Hesse, 1945–1949" p.25 "In practice, it signified intimidating the public through arbitrary psychological terror, operating like the courts of the Inquisition." "The Sondergerichte had a strong deterrent effect during the first years of their operation, since their rapid and severe sentencing was feared."
"Holocaust Timeline: The Camps". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-11-12. Dicapai pada 2015-11-03.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Comprehensive History of the Holocaust. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN0-8032-1327-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. Penguin Group. ISBN978-0-14-303469-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN978-0-14-303790-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN978-0-14-311671-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Snyder, Timothy (2010). Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books. ISBN978-0-465-00239-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015) KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps. Little Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-72967-3.
Megargee, Geoffrey P., penyunting (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. in association with United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN978-0-253-35599-7.