Tuvalu
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Tuvalu is a Polynesie island kintra locatit in the Paceefic Ocean, situatit in Oceania, aboot midwey atween Hawaii an Australie. It lees east-northeast o the Santa Cruz Islands (that belang tae the Solomon Islands), sootheast o Nauru, sooth o Kiribati, wast o Tokelau, northwast o Samoa an Wallis an Futuna, an north o Fiji. It comprises three reef islands an sax true atolls spreid oot atween the latitude o 5° tae 10° sooth an longitude o 176° tae 180°, wast o the Internaitional Date Line. Tuvalu haes a population o 10,640 (2012 census).[2][3] The tot laund aurie o the islands o Tuvalu is 26 square kilometre (10 sq mi).
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The first indwallers o Tuvalu war Polynesians. The oreegins o the fowk o Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regairdin migration intae the Paceefic that begoud aboot 3000 years ago.[4] In pre-European-contact times thare wis frequent canoe voyagin atween the islands as Polynesian navigation skills are recognised tae hae alloued deliberate jurneys on dooble-huil sailin canoes or ootrigger canoes.[5] The paitern o settlement that is believed tae have occurred is that the Polynesies spreid oot frae Samoa an Tonga intae the Tuvaluan atolls, wi Tuvalu providin a steppin stane tae faur migration intae the Polynesie ootliers in Melanesie an Micronesie.[6][7][8]
In 1568, Spaingie navigator Álvaro de Mendaña wis the first European tae sail throu the airchipelago, sichtin the island o Nui in his expedeetion in sairch o Terra Australis. The island o Funafuti wis named Ellice's Island in 1819; the name Ellice wis applee'd tae aw o the nine islands efter the wark o Inglis hydrografer Alexander George Findlay. The Ellice Islands cam intae Great Breetain's sphere o influence in the late 19t century, as the result o a treaty atween Great Breetain an Germany relatin tae the demarcation o the spheres o influence in the Paceefic Ocean.[9] Ilk o the Ellice Islands wis declared a Breetish Protectorate bi Caiptain Gibson o HMS Curacoa atween 9 an 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands war admeenistered as a Breetish pertectorate bi a Resident Commissioner frae 1892 tae 1916, as pairt o the Breetish Wastren Paceefic Territories (BWPT), an then as pairt o the Gilbert an Ellice Islands colony frae 1916 tae 1976.
A referendum wis held in December 1974 tae determine whether the Gilbert Islands an Ellice Islands shoud ilk hae thair awn admeenistration. As a consequence o the referendum, the Gilbert an Ellice Islands colony ceased tae exist on 1 Januar 1976, an the separate Breetish colonies o Kiribati an Tuvalu cam intae existence. Tuvalu becam fully independent within the Commonweel on 1 October 1978. On 5 September 2000, Tuvalu becam the 189t member o the Unitit Naitions.
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