Kuwukira kwa Maji Maji
Nkhondo ya ku German East Africa, 1905-1907. / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kuwukira kwa Maji Maji (German: Maji-Maji-Aufstand, Swahili: Vita vya Maji Maji), nkhondo iyi yikacitika pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakalondezganga visambizgo vya cisopa ca Ciisilamu na vyakusanguluska. Nkhondo iyi yikamba cifukwa ca ndyali za ku Germany izo zikakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵambe kulima makuni gha katoni. Nkhondo iyi yikamara mu 1905 m'paka 1907, ndipo ŵanthu pakati pa 75,000 na 300,000 ŵakafwa na njara.[4]
Kuwukira kwa Maji Maji | |||||||
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Part of Kugawana Afilika | |||||||
Nkhondo ya ku Mahenge, yakulembeka na Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert, 1908. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Qadiriyya Brotherhood Matumbi Ngindo, Ngoni, Yao tribes other Tanganyikans | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Gustav von Götzen Friedrich Wilhelm von Lindeiner-Wildau |
Kinjekitile Ngwale † Nasr Khalfan[1] Hemedi Muhammad | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
c. 2,000 | ~90,000 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
15 Germans and 389 Askari[2] | Unknown | ||||||
75,000–300,000 total dead by famine, disease, and violence[3] |
Pakati pajumpha vyaka vya m'ma 1880, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Europe ŵakamba kulimbana na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa. Vyaru ivi vikaŵa German East Africa (Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, na vigaŵa vinyake vya Mozambique), German Southwest Africa (sono ni Namibia), Cameroon, na Togo (sono Ghana na Togo). Ŵasilikari ŵa German ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghacoko comene pa vyaru vya German East Africa. Ndipouli, ŵakasungilira vigongwe vinandi mukati mwa caru cawo. Pakuti ŵakakhozga yayi ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi, ŵakamba kuŵasuzga. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵalongozgi ŵakumanyikwa ŵa ŵakugaluka nga ni Susiye Baoka ŵadangilire nkhondo za ŵasilikari, comenecomene ŵakalongozgekanga na ndondomeko ya bolasuka. Ndondomeko ya Bolasuka yikapambika makora.[5]
Mu 1898, boma la Germany likapeleka msonkho pa munthu waliyose ndipo ŵanthu ŵakagwiranga nchito mwakucicizgika pakuzenga misewu na milimo yinyake. Mu 1902, Von Götzen wakaphalira ŵanthu ŵa mu mizi kuti ŵalimenge katoni. Msumba uliwose ukapika mulimo wa kupanga thonje. Ŵalongozgi ŵa muzi ndiwo ŵakalongozganga mulimo wa kupanga vyakurya.
Ŵanthu ŵakakondwa yayi na ivyo Ŵajamani ŵakachitanga, cifukwa vikawovwira comene ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵakasintha mwaluŵiro. Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakasinthanga maudindo ghawo kuti ŵakolerane na ivyo ŵanthu ŵakukhumba. Pakuti ŵanalume ŵakafumanga mu nyumba zawo na kuluta ku ntchito, ŵanakazi nawo ŵakachitanga milimo yinyake ya ŵanalume. Kweniso cifukwa cakuti ŵanalume ŵakaŵa kutali, vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu muzi uwu ŵaleke kusanga vyakukhumbikwa pa umoyo. Mu 1905, mu cigaŵa ici mukaŵa chilangalanga. Vyose ivi, pamoza na kukana fundo za boma zakukhwaskana na vyakurya na ntchito, vikapangiska kuti mu Julayi, ŵanthu ŵakagalukire Ŵachijeremani.
Ŵasilikari ŵakagwiliskira nchito masalamusi kuti ŵacimbizge Ŵaciroma. Munthu munyake wakuchemeka Kinjikitile Ngwale, uyo wakasopanga chisopa cha Ciisilamu, wakati wali na mzimu wa njoka wakucemeka Hongo. Ngwale wakamba kujicema Bokero ndipo wakagomezganga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku German East Africa ŵakacemeka kuti ŵaparane na Ŵajeremani. Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Germany ŵakalemba kuti wakapeleka munkhwala ku ŵalondezgi ŵake uwo ukazgoranga maji ku futi za ku Germany. "Mankhwala agha" ghakaŵa maji (maji mu Ciswahili) agho ŵakasazgako mafuta gha castor na njere za mphoza.[6] Ŵalondezgi ŵa Bokero ŵakamba kugaluka chifukwa cha maji agha.
Nkhondo iyi yikati yamara, kukaŵa njara yikuru (ukame).