Tōng-bu̍t

Tōng-bu̍t (Hàn-jī: 動物) sī chi̍t lūi seng-bu̍t ê miâ, sio̍k-î Tōng-bu̍t-kài (Hàn-jī: 動物界; Ha̍k-miâ: Animalia). In ū-hoat-tō· tín-tāng, m̄-koh bô chhiūⁿ si̍t-bu̍t ū châi-tiāu lī-iōng kng lâi ha̍p-sêng chia̍h-mi̍h (kng-ha̍p-sêng chok-iōng, photosynthesis); in su-iàu siau-hoà pa̍t-ê seng-bu̍t chiah ē-tàng seng-chûn--lo̍h-khì.

?Tōng-bu̍t
Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, chiáu-á, lióng-chhe tōng-bu̍t, kî-thaⁿ.
Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi
Late Neoproterozoic - Recent
Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi
He̍k: Eukaryota Kài: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758

Thong-sio̍k gí-giân it-poaⁿ kā jîn-lūi pâi-tû tī tōng-bu̍t-lūi chi gōa. Tōng-bu̍t mā tiāⁿ iōng lâi chò cheng-siⁿ ê tông-gī-sû. Chóng-sī tùi seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi khoàⁿ, lâng mā sī 1 chióng tōng-bu̍t.^[1]

Te̍k-teng

Tōng-bu̍t lóng sī to-sè-pau chin-hu̍t seng-bu̍t.^[2][3] Tōa-to-sò͘ ê tōng-bu̍t lóng sī ī-êng seng-bu̍t,^[4][5][6] chió-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t ē-sái chìn-hêng bô-sng-sò͘ ho͘-khip,^[7] che kah ē kng-chū-êng seng-bu̍t (si̍t-bu̍t, chò-lūi) oân-á bô-kâng.^[8] Tōng-bu̍t tī i sìⁿ-miā chiu-kî ê mó͘-chi̍t-ê khám-chām ū ūn-tōng-sèng. Tōa-tō͘-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t ê phoe-thai hoat-io̍k tiong ū phoe-pau-kî.^[9] Keng-kòe phoe-pau-kî, sè-pau ē hun-hòa chò bô-kâng ê cho͘-chit kap khì-koan.

To-iūⁿ-sèng

Mn̂g	Example	Chéng ê sò͘-liōng	Lio̍k-seng	Hái-seng	Tām-chúi	To̍k-li̍p seng-oa̍h	Kià-seⁿ
Khoân-chat tōng-bu̍t		17,000[10]	Sī (thô͘)[11]	Sī[11]	1,750[12]	Sī	400[13]
Chat-kha tōng-bu̍t		1,257,000[10]	1,000,000 (insects)[14]	>40,000 (Malac- ostraca)[15]	94,000[12]	Sī[11]	>45,000[lower-alpha 1][13]
Gōa-kong tōng-bu̍t		6,000[10]		Sī[11]	60–80[12]	Sī
Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t		>70,000[10][16]	23,000[17]	13,000[17]	18,000[12] 9,000[17]	Sī	40 (catfish)[18][13]
Chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t		16,000[10]		Sī[11]	Yes (few)[11]	Sī[11]	>1,350 (Myxozoa)[13]
Kek-phôe tōng-bu̍t		7,500[10]		7,500[10]		Sī[11]
Nńg-thé tōng-bu̍t		85,000[10] 107,000[19]	35,000[19]	60,000[19]	5,000[12] 12,000[19]	Sī[11]	>5,600[13]
Sòaⁿ-thâng		25,000[10]	Sī (thô͘)[11]	4,000[20]	2,000[12]	11,000[20]	14,000[20]
Píⁿ-hêng tōng-bu̍t		29,500[10]	Sī[21]	Sī[11]	1,300[12]	Sī[11] 3,000–6,500[22]	>40,000[13] 4,000–25,000[22]
Lián-á-thâng		2,000[10]		>400[23]	2,000[12]	Sī
Hái-mî tōng-bu̍t		10,800[10]		Sī[11]	200-300[12]	Sī	Sī[24]
2013 nî ū kì-lio̍k ê hiān-chûn bu̍t-chèng chóng-siàu: 1,525,728

Hoat-seng-ha̍k

Tōng-bu̍t sī chi̍t ê tan-hē-thóng, ū kiōng-tông chó͘-sian. In kah niá-piⁿ-mn̂g-thâng sī chí-mōe-kûn koan-hē. Ki-kûn sī hái-mî tōng-bu̍t, loa̍h-á-thē tōng-bu̍t, píⁿ-pôaⁿ tōng-bu̍t, chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t, chia-ê tōng-bu̍t sin-khu m̄ sī nn̄g-pêng tùi-thīn.

Choanozoa

Niá-piⁿ-mn̂g-thâng tōng-bu̍t Tōng-bu̍t Chhek-seng (Hái-mî) Chin-āu-seng Loa̍h-á-thē ParaHoxozoa Píⁿ-pôaⁿ Chhì-pau Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn Ī-bô-khiuⁿ Sīn-kńg Āu-kháu Chek-soh Pò͘-tōa Goân-kháu Thǹg-phôe Scalidophora Hoàn-chat-kha Sòaⁿ-thâng >529 mya Kńg-lê Taⁿ-go̍k Lián-hêng kap kīn-chhin Mn̂g-go̍k Píⁿ-thâng Píⁿ-hêng kap kīn-chhin Koan-lûn Nńg-thé kap kīn-chhin Khoân-chat kap kīn-chhin 550 mya 580 mya 610 mya 650 mya Triploblasts 680 mya 760 mya

950 mya

Hui-nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t

Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Nn̄g-pêng tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t

Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê sin-khu mô͘-hêng.

Ī-bô-khiuⁿ tōng-bu̍t sī nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê ki-kûn.^[25][26][27]

Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap Āu-kháu thong-bu̍t

: Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap Āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t

Tú khai-sí hoat-io̍k ê sî, āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t ê phoe-pau ē hok-siā-sek li̍h-nn̄g, ah tōa-tō͘-sò͘ ê goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (kńg-lê tōng-bu̍t) ē chìn-hêng kńg-lê-á-hêng li̍h-nn̄g. Chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap āu-kháu thong-bu̍t lóng ū oân-chéng ê siau-hòa-tō, m̄-koh chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t ê goân-tn̂g chi̍t-khai-sí ê phoe-kang (Eng-gí: blastobore) bóe-á ê hoat-io̍k chò i ê chhùi, tò-thâu hit bóe-liu ē hêng-sêng kong-bûn; ah āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t tú-hó tian-tò, in thâu-·á ê phoe-kang sī hoat-io̍k chò kong-bûn, tò-thâu seⁿ-chò chhùi.^[28][29]

Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (Protostomes, téng-koân) vs. Āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t (Deuterostomes, ē-kha)

Tâi-oân ê tōng-bu̍t

• Chang-sui-niau (Phòng-bóe-bâ)
• Káu-chat-niau (Chhit-á,Chhàu-chhit-á,Siā-hiuⁿ)
• Pe̍h-phīⁿ-sim (O·-kha-hiuⁿ)

Koan-hē bûn-chiuⁿ

• Tōng-bu̍t lia̍t-toaⁿ