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委內瑞拉陸軍

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委內瑞拉陸軍
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委內瑞拉陸軍，正式名稱為委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國國家軍(西班牙語：Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), 是委內瑞拉武裝部隊的六個軍種之一。[2] 該軍隊要參與陸上地面軍事行動，並應對可能危及國家主權的外部或內部威脅。[2]

快速預覽 委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國國家軍, 成立時間 ...

陸軍直接聽令於人民政權國防部。陸軍分為六個作戰兵種和四個指揮部：作戰、後勤、教育和陸軍航空兵。

委內瑞拉陸軍指揮官、官兵、技術員和軍醫均畢業於委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾軍事大學軍事院校，並且會被授予少尉軍銜，院校如下:

1821年6月24日，委內瑞拉軍隊在卡拉沃博戰役中戰勝西班牙帝國。不久委內瑞拉獨立。

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歷史

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卡拉沃博戰役，1887年由Martín Tovar y Tovar（英語：Martín Tovar y Tovar）繪製

獨立

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。

With the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence（英語：Venezuelan War of Independence） on 19 April 1810 and the subsequent war in the country, a 軍校 was created in 1810 by decree of the Supreme Board of 卡拉卡斯 for the training of officers for the 共和主義 cause. The 保皇派 reaction was fast and by 1812 the First Republic of Venezuela（英語：First Republic of Venezuela） was dissolved. A war to the death begun (guerra a muerte), with neither side giving quarter. On 11 April 1817, 1,800 Republicans under General Píer won a major victory against the Royalists at San Félix (southeast of Caracas), where the revolutionaries defeated 1,500 Royalists under General Nicolás María Cerruti. The Royalists suffered 593 dead and 497 captured, of whom 160 peninsulares (西班牙人 born in the 伊比利亞半島). All of the Spaniards were 斬首. The Republicans lost 31 dead and 65 wounded.

The war continued until 1824 with successes and failures on each side. On 7 August 1819, the army of 新格瑞那達共和國, under the command of the Liberator 西蒙·玻利瓦爾, defeats the Royalist troops under the command of General José María Barreiro in the Battle of Boyacá（英語：Battle of Boyacá）, being the first republic of the so-called Bolivarianas (Bolivarians) to obtain their independence of the 西班牙帝國; a day that also celebrates the National Army of Colombia（英語：National Army of Colombia）.

The liberating army, whose central nucleus are the infantry battalions of Rifle troops（英語：Rifle troops）, 跳躍者, Vencedores, the British Legions（英語：British Legions）, plus the contingents of the 槍騎兵 Bravos de Apure of General 何塞·安東尼奧·派斯·埃雷拉, and whose contingents are made up mainly of Colombian-Venezuelan troops under the supreme leadership of Bolívar, are now waging the Venezuelan campaign as part of 大哥倫比亞共和國. On 24 June 1821, the Republicans obtained a decisive victory over the Royalists in the battle at Battle of Carabobo（英語：Battle of Carabobo）, and today is celebrated as the day of the Venezuelan Army.

After the Battle of Carabobo, the remnants of the Royalist armies that managed to escape from the battlefield took refuge in 卡貝略港, while in the east they did the same in 庫馬納. Cumaná was taken shortly after by the Republicans, but the heavily fortified city of Puerto Cabello resisted under 攻城戰 until 1823, during which time it served as the base for the Spanish reconquest of territories in western Venezuela.

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巴西 General José Inácio de Abreu e Lima（英語：José Inácio de Abreu e Lima）, that fought in the Battle of Carabobo（英語：Battle of Carabobo） for the Republicans.[3][4]

Afterwards, these troops take part in the Southern Campaign under the command of 元帥 安東尼奧·何塞·蘇克雷, and went on to liberate 厄瓜多 in the 皮欽查戰役, Peru in the Battle of Junín（英語：Battle of Junín）, and Upper Peru（英語：Upper Peru） (today 玻利維亞) in the 阿亞庫喬戰役.

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20世紀

20世紀，委內瑞拉當局依據普魯士模式下對軍隊進行改革，這使得軍隊走上了現代化和專業化道路。不過隨之而來的是軍隊開始干預國政，委內瑞拉出現政治不穩定、政變和獨裁統治等局面。在1940年至1958年期間，軍國主義在該國政治中占主導地位，1952年時任國防部長希門內斯自任臨時總統，推翻委內瑞拉合眾國，建立了現在的政權。1958年，民主運動最終迫使軍方停止干預國政。

隨著佩雷斯希門尼斯的推翻和民主的回歸，委內瑞拉軍隊開始對付國內的由委內瑞拉共產黨和左翼革命運動（Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria ，MIR）的極端分子領導的民族解放武裝部隊（Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional，FALN）。此外委內瑞拉軍隊也參與了聯合國在尼加拉瓜的維和行動。

21世紀

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2014 年 3 月，委內瑞拉軍隊的T-72主戰坦克B1V坦克在紀念前總統烏戈·查韋斯逝世的閱兵式上。

21世紀，委內瑞拉軍隊從俄羅斯手中購買了大量軍備，該國軍隊幾乎實現了全面現代化。[5][6]

委內瑞拉武裝部隊是拉丁美洲第四大軍隊，僅次於巴西、哥倫比亞和墨西哥的軍隊。[7]

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。

Mission and vision

Its mission, as the ground forces of the 委內瑞拉軍事, is to:

  • Secure the ground defenses of the nation,
  • Contribute to the establishment of democratic institutions and build up respect and full compliance to the laws of the Republic as mandated,
  • Support national development and integration,
  • And to participate in programs of international cooperation and peacekeeping.

Functions of the Army

In accordance with the Article 9 of the National Armed Forces Organic Law as amended, the functions of the Army are to

  • Organize, train and equip units for ground forces operations
  • Establish doctrines for the various operations it has to undertake
  • Participate in military mobilization programs
  • Maintain the national borders
  • And actively achieve readiness to develop technologies and scientifically advances for the advancement of national defense

Official hymn

Spanish lyrics

Chorus

Adelante marchemos, valientes, al combate y al rudo fragor
por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
Por la patria muy altas las frentes, despleguemos pujanza y valor.
Nuestra sangre es la savia del pueblo y en el pueblo se plasma en canción
es la rosa más pura del viento que en la historia da brillo a la acción,
En las aguas, el aire y la tierra la victoria es el alba inmortal,
si sublime es el triunfo en la guerra, preservemos la gloria y la paz.

Chorus

Y si el brazo extranjero se atreve a infamar de este suelo el honor
antes muerte mil veces nos llegue que rendirnos al torpe invasor,
pues de todas las patrias que el cielo diera al hombre en morada de amor,
es la nuestra el más hondo desvelo en el sueño de un mundo mejor.

Chorus

裝備

步兵武器

更多資訊 起源, 型號 ...

組織


Army major commands

陸軍總司令部

  • Army Headquarters
  • Army HQ Escort and Security Battalion "Lieutenant General Daniel Florence O'Leary（英語：Daniel Florence O'Leary）"
  • Army General Staff
  • Army Inspector General's Office

陸軍後勤司令部

  • Command HQ
  • Command HQ Company
  • Inspectoriate General
  • Adjutant General's Corps
  • Acquisitions Office
  • Army Ministers Reception Center
  • Army Armaments Corps
  • Army Intendancy
  • Army Medical Department
  • Army Transportation Corps
  • Army Communications Corps
  • Army Engineers Service
  • 82nd Logistics Support Regiment
  • 83rd Logistics Support Command
  • 84th Logistics Support Command

陸軍航空司令部

  • Command HQ
  • Command, Service and Logistics Company
  • Helicopter Battalion
  • Fixed Wing Air Battalion
  • Special Reconnaissance Battalion
  • Multipurpose Helicopter Battalion
  • Army Aviation Maintenance Center
  • Army Aviation School
  • Army Aviation Center of Administration
  • Army Aviation Flight Simulation and Instruction Center

特種部隊

99th Army Special Operations Brigade[12]

Army divisions and corps

第1步兵師

  • HQ Battalion
  • 11th Armored Brigade "Brigadier Pedro Ruiz Rondon"[13]
    • Brigade HQ
    • 1st Battalion Combat Team (Mot.)
    • 111th Armor Battalion
    • 112th Armor Infantry Battalion
    • 113th Armor Battalion
    • 114th Armor Battalion
    • 115th Field Artillery Battalion
    • 116th Air Defense Artillery Battalion
    • 1103rd Reconnisance Squadron
  • 12th Caribbean Ranger Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 121st Infantry Battalion "Venezuela"
    • 122nd Ranger Battalion
    • 123rd Ranger Battalion
    • 124th Field Artillery Battalion
  • 13th Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
      • 131st Infantry Battalion
      • 132nd Infantry Battalion
      • 133rd Infantry Battalion
      • 135th Field Artillery Battalion "Battle of Lake Maracaibo"
      • 136th Air Defense Artillery Battalion
  • 14th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 141st Infantry Battalion
    • 143th Infantry Battalion
    • 145th Field Artillery Battalion
    • 146th Air Defense Artillery Battalion
  • 19th Western Air Defense Artillery Brigade
  • 105th Combat Engineers Battalion

第2步兵師

  • HQ Battalion
  • 21st Motorized Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 3rd Battalion Combat Team (Mech.)
    • 211th Infantry Battalion "COL Antonio Ricaurte"
    • 212th Infantry Battalion "Carabobo"
    • 213th Infantry Battalion
    • 215th Field Artillery Battalion
  • 22nd Mountain Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 221st Infantry Battalion
    • 222nd Infantry Battalion
    • 2205th Mortar Battery (Mountain)
  • 23rd Development and Security Brigade
  • 24th Infantry Brigade
  • 25th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 251st Infantry Battalion
    • 253th Infantry Battalion
    • 225th Field Artillery Battalion
  • 29th Plains Air Defense Artillery Brigade
  • 205th Divisional Combat Engineering Battalion
  • Military Police Company

The 79th Andes Air Defense Artillery Brigade reports directly to the Operational Strategic Command, while being in the 2ID's territorial jurisdiction.

第 3 步兵師

  • HQ Battalion
  • 31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade Group "Major General Lucas Carvajal"
    • Brigade HQ
    • 311th Armor Infantry Battalion "Simon Bolivar"
    • 312th Armored Cavalry Squadron "Juan Pablo Ayala"
    • 316th Air Defense Artillery Battalion
  • 32nd Caribbean Ranger Brigade "General-in-Chief José Antonio Páez"[14]
    • Brigade HQ
    • 321st Ranger Battalion
    • 322nd Ranger Battalion
    • 323rd Ranger Battalion
    • 325th Field Artillery Battalion (Ranger)
  • 33rd Signals Brigade
  • 34th Signals Brigade (activated 2016)[15]
    • Brigade HQ
      • 341st Signals Battalion
      • 342nd Signals Battalion
      • 343rd Signals Battalion
      • 344th Signals Battalion
      • 345th Signals Battalion
      • 346th Signals Battalion
      • 347th Signals Battalion
  • 35th Military Police Brigade "General Jose de San Martin"[16]
    • Brigade HQ
      • 351st MP Battalion
      • 352nd MP Battalion
      • 353rd MP Battalion
      • 354th MP Battalion (Replacement and Training Battalion)
  • 39th Central Air Defense Artillery Brigade "Colonel Juan Perez Ovalles"
  • 305th Combat Engineers Battalion

Since 2016 the newly created 34th CCB reports also to the Operational Strategic Command.

第 4 裝甲師

  • HQ Battalion
  • 41st Armored Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 2nd Battalion Combat Team (Mixed)
    • 411th Armor Infantry Battalion "Major General Jose Antonio Anzoategui"
    • 412th Armor Battalion "Major General Jose Francisco Bermudez"
    • 413th Armor Battalion "Brigadier Pedro León Torres"
    • 414th Armor Battalion "Apure Braves"
    • 415th Field Artillery Battalion (Mixed) "Major General Juan Jacinto Lara"
    • 416th Air Defense Artillery Battalion (MANPAD & Towed) "Lieutenant Colonel Alejandro Salazar"
    • 4012nd Armored Reconnisance Troop "Sacred Cavalry Squadron"
  • 42nd Airborne Brigade "Aragua"
    • Brigade HQ
    • 421st Parachute Infantry Battalion "José Leonardo Chirinos"
    • 422nd Parachute Infantry Battalion "Colonel Antonio Nicolas Briceno"
    • 423rd Parachute Infantry Battalion "Colonel Ramon Garcia de Sena"
    • Sniper Company
  • 43rd Field Artillery Brigade "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho Antonio Jose de Sucre"[13][17][18]
    • Brigade HQ
    • 431st Field Artillery Battalion (Self-Propelled)
    • 432nd Field Artillery Battalion (Self-Propelled) "General in Chief & President Ciprano Castro"
    • 433rd Field Artillery Battalion (Multiple Rocket Launcher)
    • 434th Field Artillery Battalion (Multiple Rocket Launcher)
    • 435th Field Artillery Battalion (Multiple Rocket Launcher) "Colonel Juan Vicente Bolivar"
  • 44th Light Armored Brigade
  • 49th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
  • 402nd Anti-tank Artillery Battalion "Major General Ezequiel Zamora"
  • 405th Combat Engineers Battalion
  • Combat Training Center "Lieutenant General Gabriel Laurencio Silva"

第 5 叢林步兵師

  • HQ Battalion
  • 5002th Maintenance and Services Coy.
  • 51st Jungle Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 511th Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 512th Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 513th Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 5102nd Reconnisance Company
    • 5105th Mortar Battery (Jungle)
  • 52nd Jungle Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 521st Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 522nd Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 5202nd Cavalry Troop
  • 53rd Jungle Infantry Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 531st Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 532nd Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 533rd Infantry Battalion (Jungle)
    • 5302nd Cavalry Troop
  • 59th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
  • 505th Combat Engineers Battalion
  • 508th Service Support Battalion
  • 507th Communications Battalion

第9騎兵師

  • Division HQ
  • HQ Squadron
  • 91st Armored Cavalry Brigade "Major General Pedro Perez Delgado"
    • Brigade HQ
    • HQ Troop
    • 911th Armored Cavalry Squadron "Brigadier Ambrosio Plaza"
    • 912th Armored Cavalry Squadron
    • 913th Armored Cavalry Squadron
  • 92nd Caribbean Ranger Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 921st Ranger Battalion
    • 922nd Armor Battalion "Victors of Araure" (Ranger)
    • 923rd Ranger Battalion
    • 926th Field Artillery Battalion "Battle of Ayacucho" (Ranger)
    • 927th Air Defense Artillery Battalion
    • 9202nd Cavalry Troop
  • 93rd Caribbean Ranger Brigade (Mechanized)
    • Brigade HQ
    • 931st Infantry Battalion
    • 932nd Ranger Battalion
    • 933rd Ranger Battalion
    • 934th Infantry Battalion
    • 937th Ranger Battalion
    • 9302nd Cavalry Troop
  • 94th Brigade Combat Team[19]
  • 905th Combat Engineers Battalion
  • UAV Battalion "Apure Patriots"

第 6 工兵團

  • Corps HQ
  • HQ Battalion
  • 61st Engineers Training Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 611th Engineer Battalion
    • 612th Engineer Training Battalion
    • 613th Engineer Training Battalion
    • 614th Engineer Training Battalion
  • 62nd Construction and Maintenance Regiment
    • Regiment HQ
    • 621st Engineer Training Battalion
    • 622nd Engineer Battalion
  • 63rd Construction and Maintenance Regiment
    • Regiment HQ
    • 631st Engineer Battalion
    • 632nd Engineer Training Battalion
  • 64th Railroad Engineering Brigade
    • Brigade HQ
    • 641st Railroad Engineer Battalion
    • 642nd Railroad Engineer Battalion
    • 643rd Railroad Engineer Battalion

Ranks

更多資訊 Technical Non-commissioned officers and Warrant officers (Army shoulder boards), Sargento Técnico de Tercera(Junior Warrant Officer) ...

陸軍歷屆總司令

更多資訊 Commanding Generals of the Venezuelan Army, Commanding General ...

(*): Marks promotion to the rank of full General (and appointment as Minister of Defense) after serving term as Commanding General of the Army

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參考文獻

外部鏈接

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