2011年航天活动列表

2011年航天活动
	2011年7月21日，美国航天飞机亚特兰蒂斯号在肯尼迪航天中心着陆，完成了美國太空梭計劃的最后一次任务。
轨道发射
首次	1月20日
末次	12月28日
总计	84
成功	78
失败	6
标识符	80
各国的首次
卫星	马恩岛
火箭
处女航	天顶-3F; 长2F/G; 宇宙神5号541构型
退役	美国航天飞机; 德尔塔2重型
载人航天
轨道飞行次数	7
载人航天人数合计	28
舱外活动次数	10
	查; 论; 编;

2011年的全球航天界发生了许多重大事件，包括2011年7月美国国家航空航天局的航天飞机在最后一次飞行后退役，以及9月中国首个空间站原型天宫一号成功发射。2011年共进行84次轨道发射，其中78次成功。俄罗斯、中国和美国完成了全年大部分的轨道发射，分别进行了35次、19次和18次发射；2011年是中国的首次发射次数超过美国的一年。^[1]2011年共有7次载人航天器进入轨道，共将28名宇航员送往国际空间站。此外，天顶-3F和长征二号F/G 运载火箭于2011年完成首飞，而德尔塔二号重型运载火箭则进行了最后一次飞行。

事实速览 轨道发射, 首次 ...

事实速览

[1]

日期 (UTC)	航天器	事件	备注
9 January	Mars Express	Flyby of Phobos	Closest approach: 100公里（62英里）. Mars Express made a total of 8 flybys of Phobos at a distance of less than 1,400公里（870英里） between 20 December and 16 January.
9 January	Artemis P1	Spacecraft left LL2 orbit and joined Artemis P2 in LL1 orbit
11 January	Cassini	3rd flyby of Rhea	Closest approach: 76公里（47英里）^[93]
15 February	Stardust (NExT)	Flyby of Tempel 1	Closest approach: 181公里（112英里）. Observed changes since Deep Impact flyby and imaged crater created by Deep Impact impactor, as well as new terrain.
18 February	Cassini	74th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3,651公里（2,269英里）
18 March	MESSENGER	Hermocentric orbit injection	First artificial satellite of Mercury; elliptical orbit with a periapsis of 200 kilometers (120 mi) and an apoapsis of 15,000 km (9,300 mi).^[94]
19 April	Cassini	75th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 10,053公里（6,247英里）
8 May	Cassini	76th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,873公里（1,164英里）
8 June	Chang'e 2	Departed lunar orbit	Travelled to L2 Lagrangian point, which it reached in August 2011.^[95]
20 June	Cassini	77th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,359公里（844英里）
27 June	Artemis P1	Lunar orbit insertion	Initial orbital parameters were: apogee 3,543公里（2,202英里）, perigee 27,000公里（17,000英里）. Over the following three months, the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97公里（60英里） and a perigee of 18,000公里（11,000英里）, with an inclination of 20 degrees; retrograde orbit.
16 July	Dawn	Vestiocentric orbit injection	First artificial satellite of 4 Vesta.^[96] Initial orbit was 16,000公里（9,900英里） high and was reduced to 2,700公里（1,700英里） until 11 August.
17 July	Artemis P2	Lunar orbit insertion	Initial orbital parameters were similar to Artemis P1. Over the following three months the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97公里（60英里） and a perigee of 18,000公里（11,000英里）, with an inclination of 20 degrees; prograde orbit.
25 August	Cassini	Second-closest flyby of Hyperion^[97]	Closest approach: 25,000公里（16,000英里）
12 September	Cassini	78th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 5,821公里（3,617英里）
16 September	Cassini	Flyby of Hyperion	Closest approach: 58,000公里（36,000英里）
1 October	Cassini	14th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 99公里（62英里）
19 October	Cassini	15th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 1,231公里（765英里）
6 November	Cassini	16th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 496公里（308英里）
12 December	Cassini	3rd flyby of Dione	Closest approach: 99公里（62英里）
13 December	Cassini	79th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3,586公里（2,228英里）
31 December	GRAIL-A	Lunar orbit insertion	Twin satellite Grail-B's insertion occurred a day later, on 1 January 2012.

开始时间	持续时间	结束时间	航天器	乘组	工作内容
21 January 10:05	5 hours 23 minutes	15:49	Expedition 26 ISS Pirs	Dmitri Kondratyev Oleg Skripochka	Prepared the ISS Poisk module for future dockings.^[98]
16 February 13:15	6 hours 23 minutes	18:15	Expedition 26 ISS Pirs	Dmitri Kondratyev Oleg Skripochka	Installed a radio antenna, deployed a nanosatellite, installed two experiments and retrieved two exposure panels on a third experiment.
28 February 15:46	6 hours 34 minutes	22:20	STS-133 ISS Quest	Stephen Bowen Alvin Drew	Removed a failed coolant pump and routed a power extension cable.
2 March 15:41	6 hours 14 minutes	21:55	STS-133 ISS Quest	Stephen Bowen Alvin Drew	Removed or repaired thermal insulation, swapped out an attachment bracket on the Columbus module, installed a camera assembly on Dextre and installed a light on a cargo cart.
20 May 07:10	6 hours 19 minutes	13:29	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Gregory Chamitoff	Completed installation of a new set of MISSE experiments, started installing a new wireless video system, installed an ammonia jumper, a new light on the CETA cart on the S3 truss segment, and a cover on the starboard SARJ.
22 May 06:05	8 hours 07 minutes	14:12	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Michael Fincke	Hooked up a jumper to transfer ammonia to the Port 6 PVTCS, lubricated the SARJ and one of the "hands" on Dextre, and installed a stowage beam on the S1 truss.
25 May 05:43	6 hours 54 minutes	12:37	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Michael Fincke	Installed PDGF (except for data cable), routed power cables from Unity to Zarya, finished installation of wireless video system, took pictures of Zarya's thrusters and captured infrared video of an experiment in ELC 3.
27 May 04:15	7 hours 24 minutes	11:39	STS-134 ISS Quest	Gregory Chamitoff Mike Fincke	Installed OBSS on S1 truss, removed the EFGF and replaced it with a spare PDGF, and released some torque on the bolts that were holding the spare arm for Dextre down against ELC 3. Final shuttle spacewalk.^[99]
12 July 13:22	6 hours 31 minutes	19:53	Expedition 28 ISS Quest	Ronald Garan Michael Fossum	Moved a failed cooling pump from the station to the shuttle Atlantis, transferred a robotic refuelling apparatus from the shuttle to the ISS, installed a materials science experiment on the station's truss, serviced a robot arm attachment fitting, installed a thermal cover over the unused docking port PMA-3, and fixed a protruding wire on a grapple fixture on the Zarya module.
3 August 14:51	6 hours 22 minutes	21:22	Expedition 28 ISS Pirs	Sergei Volkov Aleksandr Samokutyayev	Launched Kedr satellite, installed BIORISK experiment outside Pirs, and installed laser communication equipment to transmit scientific data from the Russian Orbital Segment.

国家（区域）		发射数	成功数	失败数	备注
	中国	19	18	1
	歐洲	5	5	0
	印度	3	3	0
	伊朗	1	1	0
	日本	3	3	0
	俄羅斯	29	25	4	包括阿丽亚娜空间公司从圭亚那太空中心发射的两次欧洲联盟号火箭。福布斯-土壤和萤火一号发射成功，但在停泊轨道发生故障。^[100]
	乌克兰	6	6	0	包括一枚从海上发射的天顶和一枚从陆地发射的天顶。
	美国	18	17	1
总计		84	78	6

Family	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Remarks
Ariane	歐洲	5	5	0
Atlas	美国	5	5	0
Delta	美国	6	6	0
H-II	日本	3	3	0
Long March	中国	19	18	1
Minotaur	美国	4	3	1
PSLV	印度	3	3	0
R-7	俄羅斯	19	17	2
R-36	乌克兰	1	1	0
Safir	伊朗	1	1	0
Space Shuttle	美国	3	3	0	Final flight
Universal Rocket	俄羅斯	10	8	2
Zenit	乌克兰	5	5	0

Rocket	Country	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	歐洲	Ariane	5	5	0
Atlas V	美国	Atlas	5	5	0
Delta II	美国	Delta	3	3	0
Delta IV	美国	Delta	3	3	0
Dnepr	乌克兰	R-36	1	1	0
H-IIA	日本	H-II	2	2	0
H-IIB	日本	H-II	1	1	0
Long March 2	中国	Long March	7	6	1
Long March 3	中国	Long March	9	9	0
Long March 4	中国	Long March	3	3	0
Minotaur I	美国	Minotaur	2	2	0
Minotaur IV	美国	Minotaur	1	1	0
PSLV	印度	PSLV	3	3	0
Proton	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	9	8	1
Safir	伊朗	Safir	1	1	0
Soyuz	俄羅斯	R-7	10	9	1
Soyuz-2	俄羅斯	R-7	9	8	1
Space Shuttle	美国	Space Shuttle	3	3	0	Final flight
UR-100	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	1	0	1
Taurus	美国	Minotaur	1	0	1
Zenit	乌克兰	Zenit	5	5	0

2011年航天活动列表

轨道级航天活动概述

载人航天

无人探测

发射失败

轨道发射

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

亚轨道发射

深空机动

舱外活动

轨道发射统计

按国家（区域）

按火箭

By family

By type

By configuration

按发射场

按轨道

参见

参考

Wikiwand - on

2011年航天活动列表

航天年表 ← 2010 2012 →

发射时间 (UTC)	运载火箭		火箭编号	发射场		发射服务提供商（英语：List of launch service providers）
		有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星)	载荷用户	轨道	功能	再入时间 (UTC)	结果
	附注
22 January 06:10^[77]	Terrier-Oriole			Wallops Island		MDA

		Aegis Radar Test	MDA	Suborbital	Radar target	22 January	Successful
	Aegis Radar target, not intercepted, Apogee: 100公里（62英里）
28 January 10:46:00^[78]	Black Brant IX			Poker Flat		NASA

		FIRE	Colorado	Suborbital	Astronomy	28 January	Spacecraft failure^[78]
5 February 08:11:11^[78]	Black Brant IX			Poker Flat		NASA

		Polar NOx	VPI	Suborbital	Geospace	5 February	Spacecraft failure^[78]
February^[77]	Shahab-3					IRGC

			IGRC	Suborbital	Missile test	February	Successful
	Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February^{[來源請求]}
February^[77]	Sejjil-2					IRGC

			IGRC	Suborbital	Missile test	February	Successful
	Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February^{[來源請求]}
1 March 21:00^[77]	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Nevada”号SSBN-733 (6), Pacific Ocean		US Navy

			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	1 March	Successful
	Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 22 (DASO-22)
2 March 13:40^[77]	Juno			Fort Wingate LC-96		U.S. Army

			U.S. Army	Suborbital	Target	2 March	Successful
	Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
9 March^[77]	Terrier-Oriole			Kauai		MDA

		ARAV-B	MDA	Suborbital	Radar target	9 March	Successful
	Tracked by STSS satellites
11 March	Dhanush			Sea launch from Indian Ocean		DRDO

			DRDO	Suborbital	Target	11 March	Successful
	Apogee: 100公里（62英里）
11 March	Prithvi II			Integrated Test Range IC-3		DRDO

			DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	11 March	Successful
	Apogee: 100公里（62英里）

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures
Baikonur	哈萨克斯坦	25	23	2
Cape Canaveral	美国	7	7	0
Dombarovsky	俄羅斯	1	1	0
Kourou	法國	7	7	0
Jiuquan	中国	6	5	1
Kennedy Space Center	美国	3	3	0
Kodiak	美国	1	1	0
MARS	美国	1	1	0
Ocean Odyssey	International waters	1	1	0
Plesetsk	俄羅斯	6	4	2
Satish Dhawan	印度	3	3	0
Semnan	伊朗	1	1	0
Tanegashima	日本	3	3	0
Taiyuan	中国	4	4	0
Vandenberg	美国	6	5	1
Xichang	中国	9	9	0
Total		84	78	6

Orbital regime	Launches	Successes	Failures	Accidentally achieved	Remarks
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth	44	40	4	0	14 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya	8	7	1	0
Geosynchronous / GTO	27	26	1	1
High Earth / Lunar transfer	3	3	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	2	2	0	0
Total	84	78	6	1