2012年航天活动列表

除特别注明外，本条目所有时间均以中时区时间（UTC±0）为准。

2012年，航天领域发生了许多重大事件。商业轨道运输服务的前两次补给任务分别在5月和10月进行，SpaceX货运龙飞船由此成为第一艘与国际空间站对接的私人航天器；6月，中国发射了神舟九号载人飞船，朝鲜则于12月成功实现了首次轨道发射。2012年，中国成功完成首次小行星探测任务，美国宇航局的‘好奇号探测器’则成功登陆火星。欧空局的织女星和朝鲜的银河3号运载火箭于2012年首次飞行，而俄罗斯航天集团的质子K型则进行了最后一次飞行。

2012年航天活动

龙飞船（如图）于2012年5月进行了首次商业轨道运输服务演示补给飞行，成为第一艘与国际空间站交會對接的商业航天器。
轨道发射
首次	1月9日
末次	12月19日
总计	77
成功	72
失败	2
部分失败	3
标识符	75
各国的首次
卫星	匈牙利  波蘭  羅馬尼亞  白俄羅斯  朝鲜
轨道发射	朝鲜
火箭
处女航	德尔塔4-M+ (5,2) 银河3号 織女星
退役	質子K
载人航天
轨道飞行次数	5
载人航天人数合计	15
舱外活动次数	5
查 论 编

2012年航天活动列表

航天年表 ← 2011 2013 →

2012年共尝试了77次轨道发射，其中72次成功，3次部分成功，2次失败。2012年共进行了5次载人轨道任务，全部成功，共将15名宇航员送入轨道。这一年还进行了5次国际空间站宇航员舱外活动。2012年的大部分轨道发射是由俄罗斯、中国和美国进行的，分别进行了29次、19次和13次发射。全年共发射通信导航卫星、货运飞船、科学探测器等有效载荷139个。此外，科研和军事组织还发射了大量亚轨道探空火箭和弹道导弹。

轨道级航天活动概述

2012年共尝试了77次轨道发射，其中72次宣布成功，共发射了139个有效载荷。^[1]发射记录中最成功的三个国家分别是俄罗斯，共发射29次，其中27次成功；中国，发射19次，全部成功；美国，发射13次，其中12次成功，1次部分失败。^[1]欧洲国家进行了8次轨道发射，全部成功，而印度和日本各进行了2次轨道发射，也均取得成功。2012年，伊朗和朝鲜均成功进行了一次轨道发射，也均遭遇了一次发射失败。

载人航天

2012年共进行了五次载人轨道发射，全部成功，共将15名宇航员送入轨道。其中四次任务由俄罗斯联盟号飞船执行，第五次任务由中国神舟飞船执行。^[2]本年度的所有载人航天任务均与空间站对接——四次联盟号飞船与国际空间站对接，中国的神舟九号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器对接。2012年还进行了五次舱外活动，全部由国际空间站乘组人员进行。^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

无人探测

2012年发生了许多无人探测航天史上的重大里程碑事件，包括8月美国宇航局的“好奇号”探测器登陆火星^[8]，以及5月和10月向国际空间站进行的头两次商业补给任务^[9][10]，10月的那次飞行也标志着SpaceX龙飞船的首次全面投入使用。在太阳系的其他区域，美国宇航局的“曙光”号于2012年9月完成了对灶神星的探测任务^[11]，而中国则于12月首次飞掠小行星。

轨道发射

发射时间 (UTC)	运载火箭		火箭编号	发射场		发射服务提供商（英语：List of launch service providers）
		有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星)	载荷用户	轨道	功能	再入时间 (UTC)	结果
	附注
January
9 January 03:17:09	Long March 4B			Taiyuan LC-9		SAST
		Ziyuan 3	MLR	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[12]
		VesselSat-2	Luxspace	Low Earth (SSO)	Communications	27 October 2016[13]	Successful
13 January 00:56:04	Long March 3A			Xichang LC-3		CALT
		Fengyun 2-07[14]	CMA	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	在轨	Operational[15]
20 January 00:38:00	Delta IV-M+ (5,4)			Cape Canaveral SLC-37B		United Launch Alliance
		USA-233 (WGS-4)	U.S. Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[16]
25 January 23:06:40	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-14M / 46P	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	28 April 13:46	Successful[17]
February
3 February 00:04	Safir-1B		ERS.2002	Semnan LP-1		ISA
		Navid	ISA	Low Earth	Earth observation	1 April[18]	Successful[19]
13 February 10:00:00	Vega			Kourou ELV		Arianespace
		LARES	ASI	Low Earth	Geodesy	在轨	Operational[20]
		ALMASat-1[21]	Università di Bologna	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational[20]
		⚀ Xatcobeo[22]	Vigo/INTA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	31 August 2014	Successful[20]
		⚀ UniCubeSat-GG[22]	Rome	Low Earth	Atmospheric science	16 February 2015[23]	Successful
		⚀ Robusta[22]	Montpellier	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	28 January 2015[24]	Partial spacecraft failure
		⚀ e-st@r[22]	Torino	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	16 January 2015[25]	Partial spacecraft failure
		⚀ Goliat[22]	Bucharest	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	31 December 2014	Partial spacecraft failure[20]
		⚀ PW-Sat[22]	Warsaw	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	28 October 2014	Successful[20]
		⚀ MaSat-1	BME	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	9 January 2015[26]	Successful
	Maiden flight of Vega rocket; all payloads CubeSats except LARES and ALMASat-1. First Hungarian, Romanian and Polish satellites.
14 February 19:36:37	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		SES-4	SES World Skies	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[27]
24 February 16:12:04	Long March 3C			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Compass-G5	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Navigation	在轨	Operational[28]
24 February 22:15:00	Atlas V 551			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		MUOS-1	U.S. Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[29]
March
23 March 04:34:05	Ariane 5 ES			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Edoardo Amaldi ATV	ESA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	3 October 01:23	Successful[30]
25 March 12:10:32	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Intelsat 22	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[31]
30 March 05:49:32	Proton-K / DM-2			Baikonur Site 81/24		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2479 (US-KMO)	VKO	Geosynchronous	Missile defense	在轨	Operational[32]
	Final flight of Proton-K, final US-KMO satellite.
31 March 10:27:04	Long March 3B/E			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Apstar-7	APT Satellite Holdings	Geosynchronous	Communication	在轨	Operational[33]
April
3 April 23:12:57	Delta IV-M+(5,2)			Vandenberg SLC-6		United Launch Alliance
		USA-234 (FIA-R)	NRO	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	在轨	Operational[34]
	NRO Launch 25
12 April 22:38:55	Unha-3			Sohae		KCST
		Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3[36]	KCST	Intended: Low Earth	Technology demonstration	12 April	Launch failure[35]
	Probable first stage failure, disintegrated over the Yellow Sea.[35]
20 April 12:50:24	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Progress M-15M / 47P	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	20 August 2012	Successful[37]
23 April 22:18:13	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Yahsat 1B	Yahsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[38]
26 April 00:17	PSLV-XL			Satish Dhawan Space Centre FLP		ISRO
		RISAT-1	ISRO	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation[39]	在轨	Operational[40]
29 April 20:50:03[41]	Long March 3B			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Compass-M3	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[41]
		Compass-M4	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[41]
May
4 May 18:42:00	Atlas V 531			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		USA-235 (AEHF-2)	U.S. Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[42]
6 May 07:10:04[43]	Long March 2D			Jiuquan SLS-2		SAST
		Tianhui 1B	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[43]
10 May 07:06:04[44]	Long March 4B			Taiyuan LC-9		SAST
		Yaogan 14	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Reconnaissance	在轨	Operational[44]
		Tiantuo 1	NUDT	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	3 November 2014	Successful
15 May 03:01:23	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-04M	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 31/32	17 September 02:53	Successful[45]
	Crewed flight
15 May 22:13:07	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		JCSAT-13	SKY Perfect JSAT Group	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[46]
		Vinasat-2	VNPT	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[47]
17 May 14:05	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKO
		Kosmos 2480 (Kobalt-M No.8)	VKO	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	24 September	Successful[48]
	Final Soyuz-U launch from Plesetsk.
17 May 16:39	H-IIA			Tanegashima LA-Y1		MHI
		GCOM-W1	JAXA / NASA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[49]
		Arirang-3	KARI	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[49]
		SDS-4	JAXA	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	在轨	Successful
		Horyu-2	KIT	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration Amateur radio	在轨	Successful[50]
17 May 19:12:14	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 81/24		International Launch Services
		Nimiq 6	Telesat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[51]
22 May 07:44:38[9]	Falcon 9 v1.0			Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		Dragon C2+	SpaceX / NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	Flight test ISS logistics	31 May 16:42	Successful[55]
		New Frontier	Celestis	Low Earth	Space burial	27 June	Successful
	COTS Demo 2+,[52] orbital test manoeuvres and ISS rendezvous, berthing and cargo delivery. First commercial spacecraft to visit the ISS.[53] Celestis payload, containing cremated remains of 308 people including Gordon Cooper and James Doohan, remained intentionally attached to the upper stage.[54]
23 May[56]	Safir-1B			Semnan		ISA
		Fajr	ISA	Planned: Low Earth[56]	Earth observation	23 May	Launch failure
	Probable launch failure;[56] identity of launch attempt, rocket, satellite and launch time not confirmed.
26 May 15:56:04	Long March 3B/E			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Chinasat-2A	China Satcom	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[57]
29 May 07:31:05	Long March 4C			Taiyuan LC-9		SAST
		Yaogan 15	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Reconnaissance	在轨	Operational[58]
June
1 June 05:22:59	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Intelsat 19	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Partial spacecraft failure
	Second solar panel initially failed to deploy after launch.[59] It eventually deployed, but was damaged.
13 June 16:00:37	Pegasus-XL			Stargazer, Kwajalein Atoll		Orbital Sciences
		NuSTAR	NASA	Low Earth	X-ray astronomy	在轨	Operational[60]
16 June 10:37:24[63]	Long March 2F		Y9	Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1		CALT
		Shenzhou 9	CMSA	Low Earth (Tiangong-1)	Technology demonstration	29 June 02:01[64]	Successful[2]
		Shenzhou-9-GC (Orbital Module)[65]	CMSA	Low Earth (Tiangong-1)	Space rendezvous	2 December	Successful
	Crewed flight; first Chinese woman in space,[61][62] and first crewed mission to Tiangong-1.
20 June 12:28	Atlas V 401			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		USA-236 / SDS-3	NRO	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[66]
	NROL-38 mission.
29 June 13:15	Delta IV Heavy			Cape Canaveral SLC-37B		United Launch Alliance
		USA-237 / Orion 8	NRO	Geosynchronous	ELINT	在轨	Operational[67]
	NROL-15 mission. First flight of Delta IV with RS-68A engines.
July
5 July 21:36:07[68]	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Echostar XVII	Hughes Network Systems	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational
		MSG 3	EUMETSAT	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	在轨	Operational
9 July 18:38:30	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 81/24		International Launch Services
		SES-5	SES	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[69]
15 July 02:40:03	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-05M	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 32/33	19 November 01:56	Successful[70]
	Crewed flight
21 July 02:06:18[71]	H-IIB			Tanegashima LA-Y2		JAXA[72][73]
		Kounotori 3	JAXA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	14 September	Successful[74]
		⚀ Raiko	Wakayama/Tohuku	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	6 August 2013[75]	Successful
		⚀ FITSAT-1 (Niwaka)	FIT	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	4 July 2013[76]	Successful
		⚀ We-Wish	Meisei Electric	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	11 March 2013[77]	Successful
		⚀ F-1	FPT	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	May 2013[78]	Successfully deployed, but no signal was received.[79]
		⚀ TechEdSat	San Jose	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	5 May 2013[80]	Successful
	All payloads CubeSats other than Kounotori 3. CubeSats carried aboard Kounotori and deployed from the ISS.
22 July 06:41:39	Soyuz-FG / Fregat			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Kanopus V-1	Roscosmos	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[81]
		BelKA-2	NASRB	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[81]
		Zond-PP	Roscosmos	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration Earth observation	在轨	Spacecraft failure[82]
		TET-1	DLR	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	18 November 2022[83]	Successful
		exactView 1	exactEarth	Low Earth (SSO)	AIS ship tracking	在轨	Operational[81]
	First Belarusian satellite.
25 July 15:43:04	Long March 3C			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Tianlian I-03	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[84]
28 July 01:35:34[85]	Rokot / Briz-KM			Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKO
		Gonets M-3	Gonets Satellite System	Low Earth	Communications	在轨	Operational
		Gonets M-4	Gonets Satellite System	Low Earth	Communications	在轨	Operational
		Kosmos 2481 (Strela-3M)	VKO	Low Earth	Communications	在轨	Operational
		MiR (Yubileiny 2)	NPO PM	Low Earth	Amateur radio Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
August
1 August 19:35:13	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-16M / 48P	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	9 February 2013	Successful[87]
		Sfera-53	Roscosmos	Low Earth	Atmospheric density	24 November[88]	Successful[89]
	Fast rendezvous test;[86] Sfera-53 deployed from ISS at 18:29 UTC on 20 August during a spacewalk.
2 August 20:54	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Intelsat 20	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[90]
		HYLAS-2	Avanti	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[90]
6 August 19:31:00 [92]	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 81/24		Khrunichev
		Telkom-3	PT Telkom	Planned: Geosynchronous Achieved: Medium Earth	Communications	5 February 2021 [93]	Launch failure[94]
		Ekspress-MD2	RSCC	Planned: Geosynchronous Achieved: Medium Earth	Communications	In orbit
	Briz-M stage failure 7 seconds into its third burn.[91] Stage exploded on 16 October, generating over 500 pieces of orbital debris.
19 August 06:54:59	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Intelsat 21	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[95]
30 August 08:05:27[98]	Atlas V 401			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		Van Allen Probe A (RBSP-A)	NASA	Highly elliptical	Magnetospheric research	在轨	Successful
		Van Allen Probe B (RBSP-B)	NASA	Highly elliptical	Magnetospheric research	在轨	Successful
	Launch of the two Van Allen Probes, formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes. Van Allen Probe B ceased operations on 19 July 2019;[96] Van Allen Probe A was deactivated on 18 October 2019.[97]
September
9 September 04:23	PSLV-CA			Satish Dhawan FLP		ISRO
		SPOT 6	CNES	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[99]
		PROITERES	Osaka Institute of Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Amateur radio Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational[99]
13 September 21:39:00[100]	Atlas V 401			Vandenberg SLC-3E		United Launch Alliance
		USA-238 (NOSS)	NRO	Low Earth	ELINT	在轨	Operational
		USA-238 (NOSS)	NRO	Low Earth	ELINT	在轨	Operational
		⚀ CINEMA 1	UCB	Low Earth	Magnetospheric research	在轨	Operational
		⚀ CXBN	Morehead	Low Earth	X-ray astronomy	在轨	Operational
		⚀ CP 5	CalPoly	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ CSSWE	CU-Boulder	Low Earth	Magnetospheric research	在轨	Operational
		⚀ Aeneas	USC / NRO	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ STARE A	Lawrence Livermore	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ SMDC-ONE 2.1	U.S. Army	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ SMDC-ONE 2.2	U.S. Army	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ AeroCube 4	The Aerospace Corporation	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ AeroCube 4.5A	The Aerospace Corporation	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
		⚀ AeroCube 4.5B	The Aerospace Corporation	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational
	NRO Launch 36
17 September 16:28:40	Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat			Baikonur Site 31/6		Starsem
		MetOp-B	EUMETSAT	Low Earth (SSO)	Meteorology	在轨	Operational[101]
18 September 19:10:04	Long March 3B/E			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Compass-M5	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[102]
		Compass-M6	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[102]
28 September 21:18:07	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Astra 2F	SES	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[103]
		GSAT-10	ISRO	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[104]
29 September[105] 04:12:04	Long March 2D			Jiuquan SLS-2		SAST
		VRSS-1	MPPCTII	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[106]
October
4 October 12:10:00	Delta IV M+(4,2)			Cape Canaveral SLC-37B		United Launch Alliance
		USA-239 (GPS IIF-3)	U.S. Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[107]
8 October 00:35:07[109]	Falcon 9 v1.0			Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		SpaceX CRS-1	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	28 October 19:22[10]	Successful[10]
		Orbcomm-2 F1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	10 October	Launch failure[110][111]
	First flight of Commercial Resupply Services programme.[108] First stage engine failure resulted in a too-low orbit for Orbcomm payload; CRS-1 nonetheless placed into correct orbit.
12 October 18:15:01	Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT			Kourou ELS		Arianespace
		Galileo IOV 3	ESA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[112]
		Galileo IOV 4	ESA	Medium Earth	Navigation	在轨	Operational[112]
14 October 03:25:05	Long March 2C/SMA			Taiyuan LC-9		CALT
		Shijian 9A	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational[113]
		Shijian 9B	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	在轨	Operational[113]
14 October 08:37:00	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 81/24		International Launch Services
		Intelsat 23	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[114]
23 October 10:51:11[115]	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-06M	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)[116]	Expedition 33/34	16 March 2013 03:06	Successful[117]
	Crewed flight
25 October 15:33:04	Long March 3C			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		Compass-G6	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Navigation	在轨	Operational[119]
	Compass navigation system became commercially operational in Asia-Pacific region in December 2012.[118]
31 October 07:41:18	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-17M / 49P[120]	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	21 April 2013	Successful[121]
November
2 November 21:04:00	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 81/24		Roscosmos
		Luch 5B	Gonets Satellite System	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[122]
		Yamal-300K	Gazprom	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[122]
10 November 21:05:07	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Eutelsat 21B	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[123]
		Star One C3	Star One	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[123]
14 November 11:42:46	Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat			Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKO
		Meridian 6	VKO	Molniya	Communications	在轨	Operational[124]
18 November 22:53:04[125]	Long March 2C			Taiyuan LC-9		CALT
		Huanjing 1C	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	1 March 2023[126]	Successful
		Xinyan 1	CASC	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	5 October 2019[127]	Successful
		Fengniao 1	SAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	11 January 2024[128]	Successful
		Fengniao 1A	SAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	11 January 2024[129]	Deployment failure
20 November 18:31:00	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		EchoStar XVI	EchoStar	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[130]
25 November 04:06:04	Long March 4C			Jiuquan SLS-2		SAST
		Yaogan 16A	CNSA	Low Earth	ELINT	在轨	Operational[131]
		Yaogan 16B	CNSA	Low Earth	ELINT	在轨	Operational[131]
		Yaogan 16C	CNSA	Low Earth	ELINT	在轨	Operational[131]
27 November 10:13:03[132]	Long March 3B/E			Xichang LC-2		CALT
		ChinaSat 12 / SupremeSAT-I	China Satcom / SupremeSAT	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[132]
	Part of satellite's communications payload was leased to SupremeSAT, a Sri Lankan satellite operator, as SupremeSAT-I.
December
2 December 02:02:51	Soyuz ST-A / Fregat			Kourou ELS		Arianespace
		Pléiades-HR 1B	CNES	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation/Reconnaissance	在轨	Operational[133]
3 December 20:43:59	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Eutelsat 70B	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[134]
8 December 13:13:43	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Yamal-402	Gazprom	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational; partial launch failure[136]
	Briz-M stage failure 4 minutes before scheduled shut down on its fourth burn.[135]
11 December 18:03	Atlas V 501			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		USA-240 (X-37B OTV-3)	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	17 October 2014	Successful[137][138]
	270-day X-37B endurance mission ultimately extended to over 680 days.[137]
12 December 00:49:46[141][142]	Unha-3			Sohae		KCST
		Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2	KCST	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	在轨	Spacecraft failure[140]
	First successful North Korean orbital launch, first North Korean satellite;[139] satellite reached orbit but malfunctioned thereafter.[140]
18 December 16:13:04[143]	Long March 2D			Jiuquan SLS-2		SAST
		Göktürk-2	MSB	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	在轨	Operational[144]
19 December 12:12:35	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-07M	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 34/35	14 May 2013 02:31	Successful[145]
	Crewed flight
19 December 21:49:07	Ariane 5 ECA			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Skynet 5D	Astrium	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[146]
		Mexsat-3	SCT	Geosynchronous	Communications	在轨	Operational[146]
	Skynet 5D military communications satellite operated by Astrium Services on behalf of the British Ministry of Defence.

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

亚轨道发射

发射时间 (UTC)	运载火箭		火箭编号	发射场		发射服务提供商（英语：List of launch service providers）
		有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星)	载荷用户	轨道	功能	再入时间 (UTC)	结果
	附注
11 January 13:25	Terrier-Improved Malemute[147]			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Test flight	11 January	Successful[148]
11 January 20:51	S-520			Uchinoura		JAXA
			JAXA/HU/TU/TU/TPU/KU/KUT	Suborbital	Atmospheric science	11 January	Successful[149]
24 January	Arrow III			Negev		IAI
			IAI/IDF	Suborbital	ABM Test	24 January	Successful[150]
	First test flight of the Arrow-III
10 February 04:40	Prithvi			ITR IC-4		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Target	10 February	Successful[151]
	Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
10 February	Blue Sparrow			F-15 Eagle, Israel		IAF
			Israeli Air Force	Suborbital	ABM target	10 February	Successful[152]
	Arrow-3 tracking target
13 February 09:32	VSB-30			Esrange		EuroLaunch
		MASER-12	SSC	Suborbital	Microgravity	13 February	Successful[153]
19 February 05:41	Black Brant IX			Poker Flat		NASA
			UNH	Suborbital	Auroral research	19 February	Successful[154]
22 February	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Tennessee”号SSBN-734 (6), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	22 February	Successful[155]
	Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 23 (DASO-23)
25 February 10:46	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-09		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	25 February	Successful[156]
22 March 09:00	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		CIBER	Caltech	Suborbital	Astronomy	22 March	Successful[157]
27 March 08:58	Terrier-Oriole			Wallops Island		NASA
		ATREX	Clemson	Suborbital	Geospace	27 March	Successful[158]
27 March 08:59	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Wallops Island		NASA
		ATREX	Clemson	Suborbital	Geospace	27 March	Successful[158]
27 March 09:00	Terrier-Orion			Wallops Island		NASA
		ATREX	Clemson	Suborbital	Geospace	27 March	Successful[158]
27 March 09:02	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Wallops Island		NASA
		ATREX	Clemson	Suborbital	Geospace	27 March	Successful[158]
27 March 09:03	Terrier-Orion			Wallops Island		NASA
		ATREX	Clemson	Suborbital	Geospace	27 March	Successful[158]
5 April 14:18	SpaceLoft XL			Spaceport America		UP Aerospace
			ORS	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	5 April	Successful[159]
	Apogee: 117公里（73英里）, successfully recovered
14 April	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	14 April	Successful[160]
	Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
14 April	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	14 April	Successful[160]
	Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
16 April	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	16 April	Successful[160]
	Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
16 April	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	16 April	Successful[160]
	Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
19 April 02:37	Agni-V			Integrated Test Range		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Test flight	19 April	Successful[161]
	Apogee: 800公里（500英里）, maiden flight of Agni-V
23 April	VS-30/Orion			Andøya		DSTO
		HiFire-5	DSTO	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	23 April	Launch failure
	Hypersonic research experiment, second stage of launch vehicle failed to ignite
25 April	Shaheen-IA			Sonmiani		ASFC
			ASFC	Suborbital	Test flight	25 April	Successful[162]
10 May 06:18	Terrier Orion (ARAV-A)		FTM-16 E2a	Kauai		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	10 May	Successful[163]
	SM-3 Block 1B target
10 May 06:21	RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B		FTM-16 E2a	“Lake Erie”号CG-70 (6), Pacific Ocean		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	ABM test	10 May	Successful[163]
	ARAV-A interceptor, successful intercept
23 May 06:15	RS-26 Rubezh			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	23 May	Successful[164]
7 June 17:39	RS-12M Topol			Kapustin Yar		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	7 June	Successful[165]
21 June 10:40	Terrier Improved Orion			Wallops Island		NASA
		RockOn	Colorado	Suborbital	Student experiments	21 June	Successful[166]
22 June 19:18	VS-40			Andøya		Andøya
		SHEFEX II	DLR	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	22 June	Successful[167]
23 June 19:30	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		EVE	CU Boulder	Suborbital	SDO calibration	23 June	Successful[168]
27 June 09:15	Castor 4B		FTM-18	Kauai		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	27 June	Successful[169]
	SM-3 Block 1B target
27 June 09:18	RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B		FTM-18	“Lake Erie”号CG-70 (6), Pacific Ocean		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	ABM test	27 June	Successful[169]
	Castor 4B interceptor, successful intercept
3 July	Shahab-1			Iran		IRGC
			IGRC	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful[170]
	Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）
3 July	Shahab-2			Iran		IGRC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful[170]
	Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）
3 July	Shahab-3			Iran		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful[170]
	Apogee: ~150公里（93英里）
5 July 18:50	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		SUMI	NASA/MSFC	Suborbital	Solar research	5 July	Successful[171]
11 July 18:50	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		Hi-C	NASA/MSFC	Suborbital	Solar research	11 July	Successful[172]
13 July 04:36	Agni-I			Integrated Test Range		IDRDL
			IDRDL	Suborbital	Missile test	13 July	Successful[173]
	Apogee: ~200公里（120英里）
23 July 11:01	Black Brant XI			Wallops Island		NASA
		IRVE-3	NASA/Langley	Suborbital	Atmospheric entry test	23 July	Successful[174]
	Apogee: ~285英里（459公里）; part of the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator programme
24 July 19:17	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		DFS	USC	Suborbital	Solar research	24 July	Successful[175]
7 August 07:30:00[176]	S-310			Uchinoura		JAXA
		[177]	UT/JAXA/AGU/TKD/NU/TU/KIT	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	7 August	Successful[178]
9 August 03:16	Agni-II			ITR IC-4		Indian Army
			Indian Army	Suborbital	Missile test	9 August	Successful[179]
	Apogee: 220公里（140英里）
12 September	Terrier-Lynx			Wallops Island		DoD
		Shark	DoD	Suborbital	Radar target	12 September	Successful[180]
	Apogee: ~300公里（190英里）
13 September 12:30	Juno			Fort Wingate LC-96		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	13 September	Successful[181]
	Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
13 September	VS-30/Orion			Andøya		DSTO
		HiFire-3	DSTO	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	13 September	Successful[182]
	Hypersonic research experiment, Apogee: 349公里（217英里）
19 September 11:45[183]	Agni-IV			ITR IC-4		Indian Army
			Indian Army	Suborbital	Missile test	19 September	Successful
	Apogee: 800公里（500英里）
21 September 13:15[184]	Agni-III			ITR IC-4		Indian Army
			Indian Army	Suborbital	Missile test	21 September	Successful
	Apogee: 450公里（280英里）
21 September 11:16	Terrier Improved Malemute			Wallops Island		NASA
		RockSat-X	NASA	Suborbital	Student experiments	21 September	Successful[185]
	Apogee: ~153公里（95英里）
22 September 11:00	Talos Terrier Oriole			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Rocket test	22 September	Successful[186]
	Apogee: ~269公里（167英里）
4 October 03:37	Prithvi II			Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	4 October	Successful[187]
	Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）
5 October 05:55	Dhanush			Ship, Indian Ocean		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Target	5 October	Successful[188]
	Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）
19 October 09:12	Topol M2			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	19 October	Successful[189]
19 October	R-29R Volna			K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	19 October	Successful[189]
23 October	UGM-133 Trident II D5			“Vigilant”号S30 (6)		Royal Navy
			Royal Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	23 October	Successful[190]
24 October 18:29	RS-26 Rubezh			Kapustin Yar		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful[191]
25 October	Long Range Air Launch Target		FTI-01	C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean		MDA
			MDA/IMDO	Suborbital	ABM target	25 October	Successful[192]
	Target for THAAD, successful intercept
25 October	THAAD		FTI-01	Meck Island		US Army
			US Army/MDA	Suborbital	ABM test	25 October	Successful[192]
	Intercepted target missile
25 October	Terrier Oriole (ARAV-B)		FTI-01	Wake Island		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	25 October	Successful[192]
	SM-3 Block 1A target
25 October	SM-3 Block 1A		FTI-01	“Fitzgerald”号DDG-62, Pacific Ocean		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	ABM test	25 October	Spacecraft failure[192]
	ARAV-B interceptor, intercept failed
25 October	SRBM			Kwajalein		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	25 October	Successful[192]
	FTI-01, Patriot PAC-3 target, successfully intercepted
2 November 17:55	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		FOXSI	UC Berkeley	Suborbital	Solar research	2 November	Successful[193]
14 November 11:07	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-10		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	14 November	Successful[194]
21 November 10:55	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		IMAGER	University of Massachusetts	Suborbital	Astronomy	21 November	Successful[195]
23 November	Prithvi			ITR IC-4		DRDO
			DRDO	Suborbital	Target	23 November	Successful[196]
	Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
25 November 11:20	Nike-Orion			Esrange		EuroLaunch
		MAPHEUS-3	DLR	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	25 November	Successful[197]
	Apogee: 140公里（87英里）
28 November	Ghauri			Tilla		Army of Pakistan
		Haft-5	Army of Pakistan	Suborbital	Missile test	28 November	Successful[198]
	Apogee: 100公里（62英里）
8 December 21:00	VS-30/Orion			Alcântara		AEB
		Iguaiba	INPE	Suborbital	Microgravity	8 December	Successful[199]
	Apogee: 428公里（266英里）
13 December 05:20	Black Brant IX			White Sands		NASA
		DXL	U of M	Suborbital	Astronomy	13 December	Successful[200]
17 December 07:00[201]	S-520			Uchinoura		JAXA
			Tohoku/JAXA/Tokai	Suborbital	Microgravity	17 December	Successful[202]
	Apogee: 312公里（194英里）
20 December 03:51	Prithvi II			ITR IC-3		DRDO
			Strategic Force Command	Suborbital	Missile test	20 December	Successful[203]
	Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

深空机动

日期 (UTC)	航天器	事件	备注
1 January	GRAIL-B	Lunar orbit insertion	Joined its twin, GRAIL-A, which entered lunar orbit on 31 December 2011.[204]
2 January	Cassini	80th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 29,415公里（18,278英里）.[205]
30 January	Cassini	81st flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 31,131公里（19,344英里）.[205]
19 February	Cassini	82nd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3,803公里（2,363英里）.[205]
9 March	Cassini	Flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 9,000公里（5,600英里）.[205]
27 March	Cassini	17th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 74公里（46英里）.[205]
14 April	Cassini	18th flyby of Enceladus Flyby of Tethys	Closest approach to Enceladus: 74公里（46英里）.[205] Closest approach to Tethys: 9,000公里（5,600英里）.[205]
2 May	Cassini	20th flyby of Enceladus Flyby of Dione	Closest approach to Enceladus: 74公里（46英里）.[205] Closest approach to Dione: 8,000公里（5,000英里）.[205]
20 May	Cassini	Flyby of Methone Flyby of Telesto	Closest approach to Methone: 2,000公里（1,200英里）.[205] Closest approach to Telesto: 11,000公里（6,800英里）.[205]
21 May	Cassini	83rd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 955公里（593英里）.[205]
6 June	Cassini	84th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 959公里（596英里）.[205]
24 July	Cassini	85th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,012公里（629英里）.[205]
6 August	Curiosity	Landing on Mars in Gale Crater	Used the Sky Crane soft landing system. Successful landing at 05:14 UTC at coordinates 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417.[8]
5 September[11][206]	Dawn	Leaving Vestiocentric orbit	Headed for Ceres, which it reached on 6 March 2015.[207]
26 September	Cassini	86th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 956公里（594英里）.[205]
13 November	Cassini	87th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 973公里（605英里）.[205]
29 November	Cassini	88th flyby of Titan	Closest approach to Titan: 1,014公里（630英里）.[205]
13 December	Chang'e 2	Flyby of 4179 Toutatis	First Chinese asteroid flyby. Closest approach to 4179 Toutatis: less than 1公里（0.62英里） (770 metres).[208]
17 December	GRAIL	Lunar impact at "Sally K. Ride" site	Both GRAIL satellites concluded their mission by impacting the Moon's surface.[209][210]
22 December	Cassini	Distant flyby of Titan Flyby of Rhea	Closest approach to Titan: 715,000公里（444,000英里）.[205] Closest approach to Rhea: 23,000公里（14,000英里）.[205]

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

舱外活动

开始时间	持续时间	结束时间	航天器	乘组	备注
16 February 14:31[3]	6 hours 15 minutes	20:46	Expedition 29/30 ISS Pirs	Oleg Kononenko Anton Shkaplerov	Moved Strela 1 crane from ISS Pirs module to Poisk module, installed four materials experiments on the exterior of the ISS, and installed supporting struts on the EVA ladder on Pirs.
20 August 16:37[4]	5 hours 51 minutes	22:28	Expedition 31/32 ISS Pirs	Gennady Padalka Yuri Malenchenko	Relocated Strela 2 telescoping boom from Pirs docking compartment to Zarya control module, in preparation for undocking of Pirs, which will pave the way for arrival of the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2013. Also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on Zvezda service module, retrieved two experiments from Pirs' exterior, installed two support struts for hatch ladder and deployed two small tracking satellites.[89]
30 August 12:16	8 hours 17 minutes	20:33	Expedition 31/32 ISS Quest	Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide	Connected two power cables between the US and Russian orbital segments; removed and replaced Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) 1. The crew had difficulty in removing connecting bolts of the old MBSU, and were unable to tighten up the bolts for the new unit. The new MBSU was tied down for future trouble-shooting, with all other tasks deferred to a future EVA. Third-longest EVA in history.[5]
5 September 11:06	6 hours 28 minutes	17:34	Expedition 31/32 ISS Quest	Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide	Installed the new MBSU unit, working around difficulty with one of the bolts; replaced one of the cameras mounted on the Canadarm2. During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams broke Peggy Whitson's 2007 record for most total time spacewalking by a woman.[6][211]
1 November 12:29	6 hours 38 minutes	19:07	Expedition 32/33 ISS Quest	Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide	Reconfigured and isolated a leak in the ammonia cooling system of power channel 2B on the P6 truss by bypassing a leaking cooling loop and re-connecting jumpers to an unused loop of the Early External Thermal Control System (EETCS), and by redeploying the trailing Thermal Control Radiator of the system.[7][212]

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

轨道发射统计

按国家（区域）

就本章节的主旨而言，每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准，而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如，西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射，因为联盟2号是俄罗斯火箭。

•   中国: 19
•   欧洲: 8
•   印度: 2
•   伊朗: 2
•   日本: 2
•   朝鲜: 2
•   俄罗斯: 26
•   乌克兰: 3
•   美国: 13

国家（区域）		发射数	成功数	失败数	部分 失败数	备注
	中国	19	19	0	0
	歐洲	8	8	0	0
	印度	2	2	0	0
	伊朗	2	1	1	0
	日本	2	2	0	0
	朝鲜	2	1	1	0	首次成功轨道发射
	俄羅斯	26	24	1	1	包括阿丽亚娜空间公司从圭亚那航天中心发射的两次欧洲联盟号火箭。
	乌克兰	3	3	0	0	包括三枚从海上发射的天顶
	美国	13	12	0	1
总计		77	72	3	2

按火箭

Family	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane	歐洲	7	7	0	0
Atlas	美国	6	6	0	0
Delta	美国	4	4	0	0
Falcon	美国	2	1	0	1	8 October rocket failure only affected one of two payloads[110]
H-II	日本	2	2	0	0
Long March	中国	19	19	0	0
Pegasus	美国	1	1	0	0
PSLV	印度	2	2	0	0
R-7	俄羅斯	14	14	0	0
Safir	伊朗	2	1	1	0
Unha	朝鲜	2	1	1	0	First successful launch
Universal Rocket	俄羅斯	12	10	1	1
Vega	歐洲	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit	乌克兰	3	3	0	0

Rocket	Country	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	歐洲	Ariane	7	7	0	0
Atlas V	美国	Atlas	6	6	0	0
Delta IV	美国	Delta	4	4	0	0
Falcon 9	美国	Falcon	2	1	0	1	Failure only affected one of two payloads
H-IIA	日本	H-II	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	日本	H-II	1	1	0	0
Long March 2	中国	Long March	6	6	0	0
Long March 3	中国	Long March	9	9	0	0
Long March 4	中国	Long March	4	4	0	0
Pegasus	美国	Pegasus	1	1	0	0
PSLV	印度	PSLV	2	2	0	0
Proton	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	11	9	1	1
Safir	伊朗	Safir	2	1	1	0
Soyuz	俄羅斯	R-7	10	10	0	0
Soyuz-2	俄羅斯	R-7	4	4	0	0
Unha	朝鲜	Unha	2	1	1	0	First successful launch
UR-100	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	1	1	0	0
Vega	歐洲	Vega	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit	乌克兰	Zenit	3	3	0	0

Rocket	Country	Type	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5 ECA	歐洲	Ariane 5	6	6	0	0
Ariane 5 ES	歐洲	Ariane 5	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 401	美国	Atlas V	3	3	0	0
Atlas V 501	美国	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 531	美国	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 551	美国	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)	美国	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2)	美国	Delta IV	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight[213]
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)	美国	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Heavy	美国	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Falcon 9 v1.0	美国	Falcon 9	2	1	0	1	Failure only affected one of two payloads
H-IIA 202	日本	H-IIA	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	日本	H-IIB	1	1	0	0
Long March 2C	中国	Long March 2	2	2	0	0
Long March 2D	中国	Long March 2	3	3	0	0
Long March 2F	中国	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 3A	中国	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 3B	中国	Long March 3	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Long March 3B/E	中国	Long March 3	4	4	0	0
Long March 3C	中国	Long March 3	3	3	0	0	Final flight
Long March 4B	中国	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Long March 4C	中国	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Pegasus XL	美国	Pegasus	1	1	0	0
PSLV-CA	印度	PSLV	1	1	0	0
PSLV-XL	印度	PSLV	1	1	0	0
Proton-K / Block DM-2	俄羅斯	Proton	1	1	0	0	Final flight[32]
Proton-M / Briz-M	俄羅斯	Proton	10	8	1	1
Rokot / Briz-KM	俄羅斯	UR-100	1	1	0	0
Safir-1B	伊朗	Safir	2	1	1	0
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M	俄羅斯	Soyuz-2	2	2	0	0
Soyuz ST-A / Fregat	俄羅斯	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT	俄羅斯	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-FG	俄羅斯	Soyuz	4	4	0	0
Soyuz-FG / Fregat	俄羅斯	Soyuz	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-U	俄羅斯	Soyuz	5	5	0	0
Unha-3	朝鲜	Unha	2	1	1	0	Maiden flight
Vega	歐洲	Vega	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Zenit-3SL	乌克兰	Zenit	3	3	0	0

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

5

10

15

20

Ariane

Atlas

Delta

Falcon

H-II

Long March

PSLV

R-7

Safir

Unha

UR

Zenit

Others

•   Ariane 5
•   Atlas V
•   Delta II
•   Delta IV
•   Delta IV Heavy
•   Falcon 9
•   H-IIA
•   H-IIB
•   Long March 2
•   Long March 3
•   Long March 4
•   PSLV
•   Soyuz-U
•   Soyuz-FG
•   Soyuz-2 (Russia)
•   Soyuz ST (Europe)
•   Safir
•   Unha
•   Proton-K
•   Proton-M
•   Rokot
•   Zenit-3SL
•   Others

By family

By type

By configuration

按发射场

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Baikonur	哈萨克斯坦	21	19	1	1
Cape Canaveral	美国	10	9	0	1
Kourou	法國	10	10	0	0
Jiuquan	中国	5	5	0	0
Kwajalein	马绍尔群岛	1	1	0	0
Ocean Odyssey	International waters	3	3	0	0
Plesetsk	俄羅斯	3	3	0	0
Satish Dhawan	印度	2	2	0	0
Semnan	伊朗	2	1	1	0
Sohae	朝鲜	2	1	1	0
Tanegashima	日本	2	2	0	0
Taiyuan	中国	5	5	0	0
Vandenberg	美国	2	2	0	0
Xichang	中国	9	9	0	0
Total		77	72	3	2

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

5

10

15

20

25

30

China

France

India

International waters

Iran

Japan

Kazakhstan

Marshall Islands

North Korea

Russia

United States

•   Jiuquan
•   Taiyuan
•   Xichang
•   Kourou
•   Satish Dhawan
•   Ocean Odyssey
•   Semnan
•   Tanegashima
•   Baikonur
•   Kwajalein
•   Sohae
•   Plesetsk
•   Cape Canaveral
•   Kennedy
•   MARS
•   Vandenberg

按轨道

Orbital regime	Launches	Successes	Failures	Accidentally achieved	Remarks
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth	39	37	2	0	12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya	5	5	0	1
Geosynchronous / GTO	32	31	1	0
High Earth / Lunar transfer	1	1	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	0	0	0	0
Total	77	74	3	1

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

10

20

30

40

Transatmospheric

Low Earth

Medium Earth

Geosynchronous / transfer

High Earth

Heliocentric

•   Transatmospheric
•   Low Earth
•   Low Earth (ISS)
•   Low Earth (SSO)
•   Low Earth (retrograde)
•   Medium Earth
•   Geosychronous
  (transfer)
•   Inclined GSO
•   High Earth
•   Heliocentric

参见

• 2012年科技
• 2011年—2020年載人航天飛行列表
• 航天年表

参考

1. 中国国家航天局
2. 中国探月网
3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
5. 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
6. Jonathan's Space Report（SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项）
7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
8. NASA
9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
12. Southwest Space Archive
13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
14. SpaceFlightNow
15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
16. U.S. Space Objects Registry