The 1030s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1030, and ended on December 31, 1039.
1030
This section is
transcluded from
1030.
(edit | history)
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
- 10 August – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.[1]
Europe
- June – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
- July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
- The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).[2] The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
- The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, which is derived from Tellewilare, and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.
- Henry I revolts against his father King Robert II (the Pious) in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.
1030
- July 21 – Kyansittha, king of the Pagan Empire (Burma)
- July 26 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (d. 1079)
- Adelaide of Eilenburg, German noblewoman (approximate date)
- Anne of Kiev, French queen and regent (approximate date)
- Baldwin VI (the Good), count of Flanders (approximate date)
- Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order (d. 1101)
- Gerard (the Great), duke of Lorraine (approximate date)
- Gertrude of Saxony, countess of Holland (approximate date)
- Manegold of Lautenbach, German priest (approximate date)
- Romanos IV, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1072)
- Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1093)
- Walter of Pontoise, French abbot (approximate date)
- William of Hirsau, German abbot (approximate date)
1031
1032
- February 16 – Ying Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1067)
- September 3 – Go-Sanjō, Japanese emperor (d. 1073)
- September 14 – Dao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1101)
- Abe no Munetō, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1108)
- Cheng Hao, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1085)
- Donald III (the Fair), king of Scotland (approximate date)
- Ermengol III (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1065)
- Gao, Chinese empress consort and regent (d. 1093)
- Gyrth Godwinson, English nobleman (approximated date)
- Hugh de Grandmesnil, Norman warrior and sheriff (d. 1098)
- Osbern FitzOsbern, bishop of Exeter (approximate date)
- Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1083)
- Vratislaus II (or Wratislaus), king of Bohemia (d. 1092)
1033
1034
1035
- Dharma Pala, Indian ruler of the Pala dynasty (d. 1060)
- Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (d. c.1090) (approximate date)
- Henry of Burgundy, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Hereward the Wake, English nobleman (approximate date)
- Hermann of Salm, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (d. 1094)
- Leofwine Godwinson, English nobleman (approximate date)
- Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeacon (approximate date)
- Nathan ben Jehiel, Italian Jewish lexicographer (d. 1106)
- Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders (approximate date)
- Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)
1036
1037
1038
1039
1030
- January 10 – Thietmar, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
- January 31 – William V (the Great), duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
- March 10 – Welf II, German nobleman (Elder House of Welf)
- April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971)
- July 19 – Adalberon, French bishop and poet (or 1031)
- July 29
- Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (b. 977)
- Cú Mara mac Maic Liac, Irish poet and Chief Ollam
- Fan Kuan, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date)
- Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (b. 960)
- Krešimir III, king of Croatia (Trpimirović Dynasty)
- Miskawayh, Persian official and philosopher (b. 932)
- Skapti Þóroddsson, Icelandic lawspeaker and skald
- Tadg in Eich Gil, king of Connacht (approximate date)
- William IV, count of Provence (approximate date)
1031
- January 1 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)
- January 5 – Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy
- April 10 – Liudolf of Lotharingia, German nobleman
- June 17 – Hyeonjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 992)
- June 25 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)
- June 28 – Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor (b. 975)
- July 20 – Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)
- August 20 – Burchard, French archbishop and count
- September 2 – Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir
- September 9 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (b. 948)
- November 29 – Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 947)
- Aribo, German archbishop and primate (Primas Germaniae)
- Fadl ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir of Ganja (Azerbaijan)
- Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab, Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. 973)
- Snorri Goði, Icelandic Viking warrior and chieftain (b. 963)
1032
- July 28 – Constance of Arles, French queen
- July 29 – Matilda of Swabia, German duchess
- September 6 – Rudolph III, king of Burgundy[6]
- October 4 – Sancho VI, duke of Gascony
- Ahmad Maymandi, Ghaznavid vizier
- Arslan Yabgu, Turkic chieftain and ruler
- Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland
- Constantine Diogenes, Byzantine general
- Gille Coemgáin, king of Moray (Scotland)
- John XIX, pope of the Catholic Church[8]
- Li, Chinese consort and concubine (b. 987)
- Li Deming, Chinese rebel leader (b. 981)
- Odo II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
- Otto Orseolo (or Ottone), doge of Venice
1033
1034
- February 21 – Hawise of Normandy, French duchess and regent
- March 21 – Ezzo (or Ehrenfried), German count palatine
- April 11 – Romanos III (Argyros), Byzantine emperor (b. 968)
- October 31 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 1016)
- November 9 – Oldřich (or Odalric), duke of Bohemia
- November 19 – Theodoric II, margrave of Lower Lusatia
- November 25 – Malcolm II, king of Alba (Scotland)
- December 8 – Æthelric (or Brihtmær), English bishop
- Adémar de Chabannes, French monk and historian
- Ali ibn Hasan (Ali-Tegin), Karakhanid ruler (khagan)
- Amlaíb mac Sitriuc, Norse-Gaelic king of Dublin
- Bernard Roger, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Manuchihr I, Persian ruler (shah) of Shirvan
- Matilda of Franconia, daughter of Conrad II
- Mieszko II (St. Lambert), king of Poland
- Qian Weiyan, Chinese politician and poet
- Salim ibn Mustafad, Mirdasid rebel leader
- Samuel ben Hofni, Jewish rabbi and writer
1035
- April 13 – Herbert I, French nobleman (approximate date)
- May 26 – Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (b. 1005)
- May 30 – Baldwin IV ("the Bearded"), French nobleman (b. 980)
- July 3 – Robert I ("the Magnificent"), duke of Normandy (b. 1000) (approximate date)
- October 18 – Sancho III ("the Great"), king of Pamplona
- November 4 – Jaromír, duke of Bohemia (Přemyslid dynasty)
- November 12 – Cnut, king of Denmark, Norway and England
- Abu Ali ibn Muhammad, ruler (malik) of the Ghurid dynasty
- Astrid Olofsdotter, queen consort of Norway (House of Munsö)
- Drogo of Mantes, count of Valois and the Vexin (b. 996)
- Estrid of the Obotrites (or Astrid), queen consort of Sweden
- Guo, Chinese empress consort of Renzong (b. 1012)
- Harun, Ghaznavid governor and ruler (shah) of Khwarazm, assassinated
- Ibn al-Samh, Moorish astronomer and mathematician (b. 979)
- Svein Knutsson, king of Norway and son of Cnut the Great
- Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali, Hammudid caliph
1036
- February 5 – Alfred Aetheling, Anglo-Saxon prince
- March 17 – Gebhard II, bishop of Regensburg
- May 15 – Go-Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 1008)
- June 12 – Tedald (or Theobald), Italian bishop
- June 13 – al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1005)
- August 25 – Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne
- Abu Nasr Mansur, Persian mathematician (b. 960)
- Alric of Asti (or Adalric), Lombard bishop
- Berengar of Gascony, French nobleman
- Emilia of Gaeta, Italian duchess and regent
- Fujiwara no Ishi, Japanese empress (b. 999)
- Hárek of Tjøtta, Norwegian Viking chieftain
- Hisham III, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (b. 973)
1037
- September 4 – Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of León
- November 15 – Odo II, French nobleman (b. 983)
- Abu'l-Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami, Persian poet
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi, Persian Shafi'i scholar
- Baba Kuhi of Shiraz, Persian Sufi mystic (b. 948)
- Avicenna, Persian physician and polymath (b. 980)
- Boleslaus III (the Red), duke of Bohemia
- Ding Wei, grand chancellor of the Song Dynasty
- Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (or 1038)
- John of Debar, Bulgarian clergyman and bishop
- Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Persian mathematician
- Muirgeas ua Cú Ceanainn, king of Uí Díarmata
- Robert II, French prelate and archbishop
- Siegfried II, German nobleman (b. 956)
- William III (Taillefer), French nobleman
1038
- March – William VI, Duke of Aquitaine, French nobleman (b. 1004)
- March 28 – Hai Gaon, Jewish theologian (b. 939)
- April 23 – Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia
- May 4 – Gotthard, bishop of Hildesheim (b. 960)
- May 22 – Shibl al-Dawla Nasr, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo
- July 6 – Ōnakatomi no Sukechika, Japanese poet (b. 954)
- July 18 – Gunhilda of Denmark, queen consort of Germany
- July – Herman IV, duke of Swabia (House of Babenberg)
- August 15 – Stephen I, king of Hungary
- November 1 – Herman I, Margrave of Meissen, German nobleman
- December 3 – Emma of Lesum, German noblewoman
- December 20 – Beorhtheah, bishop of Worcester
- Aethelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury
- Alice of Normandy, countess of Burgundy
- Al-Tha'alibi, Persian historian (b. 961)
- Budic of Nantes, French nobleman
- Ealdred, ealdorman of Bamburgh, murdered
- Ermengol II ("the Pilgrim"), count of Urgell
- Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (or 1037)
- Felix of Rhuys, Breton Benedictine abbot
- Habbus al-Muzaffar, Zirid ruler of Granada
- Kyiso, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty
- Ralph III of Valois (or Raoul), French nobleman
1039
- March 10 – Odo of Gascony (or Eudes), French nobleman
- April 16 – William III, count of Weimar and Eichsfeld
- May 27 – Dirk III (or Theodoric), count of Holland
- June 4 – Conrad II ("the Elder"), Holy Roman Emperor[30]
- July 20 – Conrad II ("the Younger"), duke of Carinthia
- September 19 – Fujiwara no Genshi, empress of Japan (b. 1016)
- November 4 – Hugh of Chalon, French bishop
- November 29 – Adalbero, German nobleman
- Abu Nasr Mushkan, Persian statesman (or 1040)
- Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, prince of Gwynedd
- Nathar Shah, Tamil mystic and preacher (b. 969)
- Regimbald, German abbot and bishop
- Reginar V (or Régnier), French nobleman
- Sophia I, German princess and abbess (b. 975)[31]
- Unsuri, Persian poet and writer (or 1040)
Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 [The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 341–343. ISBN 3-406-48654-1.
Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, p. 124. ISBN 978-0-521-41411-1.
Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture, pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816606889.
Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.
C.W. Previté-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), p. 30.
Kelly, J.N.D., and Walsh, Michael. "John XIX." in A Dictionary of Popes, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2015. eISBN 9780191795459
C.W. Previté-Orton, Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), p. 32.
Norwich, John (1991). Byzantium: the Apogee, pp. 279–80. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-670-80252-2.
Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland: Old Poland, the Piast Dynasty, p. 18. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, Adam and Charles Black. Published 1861, Scotland.
Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 80-85.
Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 42. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie, cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
Richard Brzezinski (1995). History of Poland: Old Poland – The Piast Dynasty, p. 18. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.