Loading AI tools
Protein found in humans From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) also known as MLX-interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLXIPL gene.[5][6] The protein name derives from the protein's interaction with carbohydrate response element sequences of DNA.
This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor of the Myc / Max / Mad superfamily. This protein forms a heterodimeric complex and binds and activates, in a glucose-dependent manner, carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) motifs in the promoters of triglyceride synthesis genes.[6]
ChREBP is activated by glucose, independent of insulin.[8] In adipose tissue, ChREBP induces de novo lipogenesis from glucose in response to a glucose flux into adipocytes.[9][8] In the liver, glucose induction of ChREBP promotes glycolysis and lipogenesis.[8]
This gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome 7q11.23.[6]
Excess expression of ChREBP in the liver due to metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes can lead to steatosis in the liver.[8] In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, about 25% of total liver lipids result from de novo synthesis (synthesis of lipids from glucose).[7] High blood glucose and insulin enhance lipogenesis in the liver by activation of ChREBP and SREBP-1c, respectively.[7]
Chronically elevated blood glucose can activate ChREBP in the pancreas can lead to excessive lipid synthesis in beta cells, increasing lipid accumulation in those cells, leading to lipotoxicity, beta-cell apoptosis, and type 2 diabetes.[10]
ChREBP is translocated to the nucleus and binds to DNA after dephosphorylation of a p-Ser and a p-Thr residue by PP2A, which itself is activated by xylulose-5-phosphate. Xu5p is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway when levels of Glucose-6-phosphate are high (the cell has ample glucose). In the liver, ChREBP mediates activation of several regulatory enzymes of glycolysis and lipogenesis including L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase.
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.