History of circumcision
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Circumcision likely has ancient roots among several ethnic groups in sub-equatorial Africa, Egypt, and Arabia, though the specific form and extent of circumcision has varied. Ritual male circumcision is known to have been practiced by South Sea Islanders, Aboriginal peoples of Australia, Sumatrans, and some Ancient Egyptians.[1]
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Today it is still practiced by Jews, Samaritans, Druze,[2][3] Coptic Christians,[4][5][6] Ethiopian Orthodox,[4][7] Eritrean Orthodox,[4][8] Muslims, and some tribes in East and Southern Africa; as well as in the United States, South Korea, as well as the Philippines.[9][10][11]
As practiced in Judaism and in the United States, the foreskin is completely removed. However, in ancient Egypt and elsewhere in Africa, only part of the foreskin was removed.
Circumcision and/or subincision, often as part of an intricate coming of age ritual, was a common practice among the Aboriginal peoples of Australia and most Pacific islanders at first contact with Western travellers. It is still practiced in the traditional way by some of the population.[12][13]
In Judaism, circumcision has traditionally been practised on males on the eighth day after birth (after the First Temple era).[14] The Book of Genesis records circumcision as part of the Abrahamic covenant. The writer of 1 Maccabees stated that under the Seleucids, many Jewish men attempted to hide or reverse their circumcision so they could exercise in Greek gymnasia, where nudity was the norm. First Maccabees also relates that the Seleucids forbade the practice of brit milah (circumcision), and punished those who performed it, as well as the infants who underwent it, with death.
Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BCE, lists first of all the Egyptians being the oldest people practicing circumcision then Colchians, Ethiopians, Phoenicians, and Syrians as circumcising cultures.