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Book of Isaiah, chapter 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Isaiah 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.[1]
Isaiah 5 | |
---|---|
Book | Book of Isaiah |
Hebrew Bible part | Nevi'im |
Order in the Hebrew part | 5 |
Category | Latter Prophets |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 23 |
The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 30 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[2]
Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):[3]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[4]
The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[5] Isaiah 5 is a part of the Prophecies about Judah and Israel (Isaiah 1-12). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.
In relation to the "Parable of the Vineyard", the New Oxford Annotated Bible identifies the vineyard in Isaiah 5:7 as "Israel" (compare to Isaiah 1:8; Isaiah 3:14; Isaiah 27:2–6).[7]
The "choicest vine" is an allusion of the people of Israel (Psalm 80:8–16; Jeremiah 2:21; Hosea 10:1).[7]
The failing grapes are described as "wild" in the King James Version and the English Standard Version, "rotten" in the New American Bible (Revised Edition) and "sour" in the Good News Translation.[9] In Brenton's Septuagint Translation, the vineyard "brought forth thorns".[10]
Verses 8 to 24 contain "the six woes". Anglican theologian Edward Plumptre suggests that the form of the woes preached by Jesus in Luke 6:24–26 is based on this passage.[11] After the general warning conveyed to Israel by the parable of the vineyard, "six sins are particularised as those which have especially provoked God to give the warning".
The six woes of Isaiah relate to those responsible for:
The law of Israel provided "very stringently and carefully, that as far as possible there should be an equal distribution of the soil, and that hereditary family property should be inalienable. All landed property that had been alienated reverted to the family every fiftieth year, or year of jubilee; so that alienation simply had reference to the usufruct of the land till that time."[13]
Micah 2:2 and the Jerusalem Bible's translation of Job 22:8 make similar points:
"This fourth woe relates to those who adopted a code of morals that completely overturned the first principles of ethics, and was utterly opposed to the law of God."[13]
See also Proverbs 3:7:
This is the first occurrence of a refrain which appears again in Isaiah 9:12, 9:17, 9:21 and 10:4.[16]
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