Javad uezd

The Javad uezd,^{[lower-alpha 1]} known after 1921 as the Salyan uezd,^{[lower-alpha 2][1]} was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929 by the Soviet authorities. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Geokchay, Shemakha, and Baku uezds to the north, Caspian Sea to the east, Lenkoran uezd to the south and Iran to the west.^[2] The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Salyan.^[3]

Javad uezd Джеватский уезд
Uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Baku Governorate
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Governorate	Baku
Established	1868
Abolished	1929
Capital	Javad(1868–1916), Salyan(1916–1929)
Area
• Total	9,556.27 km2 (3,689.70 sq mi)
Population  (1916)
• Total	162,305
• Density	17/km2 (44/sq mi)
• Rural	100.00%

Administrative divisions

The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Javad uezd in 1917 were as follow:^[4][5]

Name	Administrative centre	1912 population	Area
Bozhepromysdomskiy prefecture (Божепромысдовский участок)	Bozhiy Promysel	26,801	3,336.22 square versts (3,796.83 km2; 1,465.96 sq mi)
Dzhevatskiy prefecture (Джеватский участок)	Petropavlovka (Sabirabad)	24,519	2,178.06 square versts (2,478.77 km2; 957.06 sq mi)
Muganskiy prefecture (Муганский участок)	Karadonly (Qaradonlu)	34,972	2,882.69 square versts (3,280.68 km2; 1,266.68 sq mi)
Belyasvarskiy rayon (Белясварский район)	Belyasuvar (Biləsuvar)	3,547	–

History

Javad uezd was formed in 1868 as part of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire.^[6] It was abolished in 1929 by Soviet authorities.^[7]

Demographics

According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, 94,690 people lived in the uezd, mainly Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis).^[8]

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Javad uezd had a population of 90,043 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 51,489 men and 38,554 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar^{[lower-alpha 3]} to be their mother tongue, with a significant Russian speaking minority.^[11]

Linguistic composition of the Javad uezd in 1897^[11]

Language	Native speakers	%
Tatar[lower-alpha 3]	84,054	93.35
Russian	4,009	4.45
Armenian	699	0.78
Ukrainian	619	0.69
Avar-Andean	152	0.17
Persian	147	0.16
Georgian	122	0.14
Kyurin	79	0.09
Polish	60	0.07
German	29	0.03
Jewish	8	0.01
Belarusian	7	0.01
Greek	7	0.01
Mordovian	5	0.01
Lithuanian	4	0.00
Other	42	0.05
TOTAL	90,043	100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Javad uezd had a population of 162,305 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 83,955 men and 78,350 women, 144,376 of whom were the permanent population, and 17,929 were temporary residents:^[12]

Nationality	Number	%
Shia Muslims[lower-alpha 4]	127,440	78.52
Russians	26,128	16.10
Sunni Muslims[lower-alpha 5]	7,688	4.74
Armenians	984	0.61
Jews	41	0.03
Other Europeans	24	0.01
TOTAL	162,305	100.00

Soviet census (1926)

According to the 1926 census, the population of the uezd was 129,367.^[14]

See also

• Javad Khanate

Notes

1. • Russian: Джеватский уезд, pre-reform orthography: Джеватскій уѣздъ, romanized: Dzhevatskiy uyezd [d͡ʐʐɨvət͡skʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst]
   • Azerbaijani: جواد قضاسی, romanized: Cavād qaz̤āsı
2. Russian: Сальянский уезд, romanized: Salyanskiy uyezd [səlʲjɪnskʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst]
3. Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[9][10]
4. Primarily Tatars.^[13]
5. Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[13]

References

1. "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-22. Arash and Javad uyezds were renamed to Aghdash and Salyan uyezds
2. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
3. "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 105. Salyan became the administrative and cultural center of Javad gaza that was established within the Baku province in February of 1868
4. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 2–22.
5. Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 140–143.
6. "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-22.
7. "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-22.
8. "Джеватский уезд" (in Russian). Энциклопедия Брокгауз-Ефрон.
9. Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
10. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
11. "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России" (in Russian). Демоскоп.
12. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 178–181.
13. Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
14. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 г. Сальянский уезд

Bibliography

• Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.

• Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
• Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
• Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
• Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

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