Lists of spelling-to-sound correspondences in Catalan
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These are lists of spelling-to-sound correspondences in the Catalan language. The two main standard forms (Standard Catalan and Standard Valencian) are used as primary transcriptions norms of their respective spelling forms.
| Consonants and combinations of consonant letters | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spelling | Main values (IPA) | Examples | Other values (IPA) | Examples | |||
| Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL) | Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL) | ||||
| b | initially and medially (elsewhere) | /b/ | blau, roba | /p/ | Baotou | ||
| medially before a lateral | /bː/ | /b/ | poble | — | — | ||
| medially before a nasal | /mː/[lower-alpha 1] | submarins | — | — | |||
| /nː/[lower-alpha 2] | obnoxi | — | — | ||||
| medially before a voiceless cons. | /p/ | absolut | — | — | |||
| finally | cub | Ø | Ø | amb | |||
| /p/ | tomb | ||||||
| bb | /bː/ | abbàssida | /b/ | lobby | |||
| bh | /b/ | subhasta | — | — | |||
| bs | /ps/[lower-alpha 3] | abstracte | — | — | |||
| bv | /bː/[lower-alpha 4] | /bv/[lower-alpha 5] | obvietat | — | — | ||
| ç | final before vowels or a voiced cons. | /z/ | feliçment | — | — | ||
| elsewhere | /s/ | açò | — | — | |||
| c | before e, i | ciri | /t͡ʃ/ | Versace | |||
| initially and medially (elsewhere) | /k/ | casa | /t͡s/ | Cao Zhi | |||
| finally | rec | Ø | /k/ | banc | |||
| medially before a voiced cons. | /ɡ/ | ècdisi | — | — | |||
| medially before a nasal | /ŋ/[lower-alpha 6] | tècnics | — | — | |||
| cc | before e, i | /ks/ | acció | /t͡ʃ/ | Gucci | ||
| *ch[1] (old form and loanwords) | /k/ | Lluch | Alborch | ||||
| /ʃ/ | quiche | ||||||
| /x/ | Bach (Ge. surname) | ||||||
| cch (in loanwords) | Crecchio | — | — | ||||
| cht (in loanwords) | /t/ | yacht | — | — | |||
| ck (in loanwords) | /k/ | hacker | — | — | |||
| cks (in loanwords) | /ks/ | snacks | — | — | |||
| cs | dacsa | — | — | ||||
| ct | initially | /t/ | ctònic | — | — | ||
| medially | /kt/ | acte | — | — | |||
| cz | before e, i | /gz/[lower-alpha 7] | èczema | — | — | ||
| d | initially and medially | /d/ | dolç, cada | /t/ | Dalian | ||
| finally | /t/ | sord | Ø | /t/ | rotund | ||
| dd | /dː/ | adduir | — | — | |||
| dg | before e, i | /dʒ/ | /dd͡ʒ/ | pidgin | /t͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 8] | bridge | |
| elsewhere | /dɡ/[lower-alpha 9] | Edgar | — | — | |||
| dh | /d/ | adhesiu | — | — | |||
| dj | /d͡ʒ/ | Django | — | — | |||
| /dʒ/ | /dd͡ʒ/ | adjunt | — | — | |||
| dm | /dm/[lower-alpha 10] | cadmi | — | — | |||
| dn | /dn/[lower-alpha 11] | adnat | — | — | |||
| ds | /t͡s/[lower-alpha 3] | adscriure | — | — | |||
| dv | /db/[lower-alpha 12] | /dv/[lower-alpha 13] | ludvígia | — | — | ||
| f | medially before a voiced cons. | /v/ | hafni | — | — | ||
| elsewhere | /f/ | fars | — | — | |||
| ff (in loanwords) | /fː/ | affidavit | /f/ | office | |||
| fh | /f/ | sulfhídric | — | — | |||
| g | before e, i | /ʒ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | gens | /ʃ/[lower-alpha 14] | collage | |
| /ɡ/ | bagel | ||||||
| initially and medially (elsewhere) | /ɡ/ | gana, àgab | /k/ | Gansu | |||
| medially before a lateral | /ɡː/ | /ɡ/ | regla | — | — | ||
| medially and finally after i (see ig) | /t͡ʃ/ | mig | /ɡ/ | amígdala | |||
| /d͡ʒ/ | migdia | ||||||
| finally | /k/ | reg | Ø | /k/ | sang | ||
| gg[2] | before e, i | /ʒː/ | /d͡ʒ/ | suggerir | — | — | |
| elsewhere | /ɡː/[lower-alpha 15] | burggravi | /ɡ/ | ziggurat | |||
| gh (in loanwords) | /ɡ/ | oghuz | — | — | |||
| ght (in loanwords) | /t/ | light | — | — | |||
| gm | /ŋm/[lower-alpha 16] | estigma | — | — | |||
| gn | initially | /n/ | gnom | — | — | ||
| medially | /ŋn/[lower-alpha 17] | cigne | /ɲ/ | cognac | |||
| gs | /ks/ | regs | — | — | |||
| /t͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 18] | migs | — | — | ||||
| h | Ø | hivern | /h/ | hàmster | |||
| j | /ʒ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | jocs | /ʒ/ | /j/ | ja | |
| /j/ | Jotti | ||||||
| /x/ | jota (d.) | ||||||
| /ʃ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | Rijkov | |||||
| k (in loanwords) | /k/ | kiwi | Ø | knock-out | |||
| kh (in loanwords) | /x/ | abkhaz | /k/ | kha | |||
| ks (in loanwords) | /ks/ | quarks | — | — | |||
| l | /l/ | laca | /l/ | Ø | altre | ||
| ł (in loanwords) | /w/ | Wojtyła | — | — | |||
| ll[1] | /ʎ/ | llac, cella, ell | /ʎ/ | /l/ | estrel(l)a | ||
| /l/ | ballet | ||||||
| /lː/ | allegro | ||||||
| ŀl[1] | /lː/ | ceŀla | — | — | |||
| lh | /l/ | alhora | /lh/ | coolhunter | |||
| /ʎ/ | Vielha | ||||||
| lj | /ʎʒ/ | /ʎd͡ʒ/ | aljub | Ljubljana | |||
| m | initially and finally | /m/ | mut, em | — | — | ||
| before f or v | /ɱ/ | nimfa, tramvia (Va.) | — | — | |||
| mm[1] | /mː/ | immens | — | — | |||
| mn | initially | /n/ | mnemòtic | — | — | ||
| medially | /mn/ | somni | — | — | |||
| Mc (in loanwords) | /mək/ | /mak/ | McCain | — | — | ||
| mh | /m/ | amhàric | — | — | |||
| n | initially and finally | /n/ | nou, ens | — | — | ||
| before f or v | /ɱ/ | ínfim, canvi (Va.) | — | — | |||
| before a labial cons. | /m/ | benparlat | — | — | |||
| before a palatal cons. | /ɲ/ | menja, àngel | — | — | |||
| before a velar cons. | /ŋ/ | vincle, fang | — | — | |||
| nn[1] | /nː/ | innat | /n/ | sonne | |||
| ng (in loanwords) | /ŋ/ | víking | — | — | |||
| nh | /n/ | anhel | /nh/ | skinhead | |||
| /ɲ/ | caipirinha | ||||||
| nj | /ɲʒ/ | /ɲd͡ʒ/ | penjar | oranje | |||
| nm | /mː/ | enmig | — | — | |||
| ny[1] | /ɲ/ | any | — | — | |||
| ñ (in loanwords) | El Niño | — | — | ||||
| p | initially and finally | /p/ | pont, cup | Ø | /p/ | camp | |
| before a voiced cons. | /b/ | capgròs | — | — | |||
| before a nasal | /mː/[lower-alpha 1] | /b/ | capmàs | — | — | ||
| pp | /pː/ | proppassat | /p/ | hippy | |||
| ph (in compounds and classical terms) | /p/ | caphuitada (Va.) | /f/ | pholis | |||
| pn | initially | /n/ | pneuma | — | — | ||
| medially | /bn/[lower-alpha 19] | apnea | — | — | |||
| ps | initially | /s/ | psicòleg | — | — | ||
| medially | /ps/ | capsa | — | — | |||
| pt | initially | /t/ | ptilosi | — | — | ||
| medially | /pt/ | apte | /t/ | comptar | |||
| q (see qu) | /k/ | Qatar | /t͡ʃ/ | Qinghai | |||
| r | initially | /r/ | ratolí | — | — | ||
| medially after l, n, s | folro | — | — | ||||
| medially (elsewhere) | /ɾ/ | però | /r/ | infraroig | |||
| Ø[lower-alpha 20] | prendre | ||||||
| finally | mar | Ø | Ø | dimarts | |||
| /ɾ/ | córrer | ||||||
| rr[1] | /r/ | marró | — | — | |||
| rh | initially | rhodesià | — | — | |||
| medially | /ɾ/ | superhome | /ɾh/ | dírham | |||
| s | initially | /s/ | sac | /z/ | Saarland (Ge.) | ||
| medially next to a cons. | estimar | esma | |||||
| after a nasal | institut | trànsit | |||||
| most cases between two vowels | /z/ | rosa | /s/ | contrasenya | |||
| finally | /s/ | dins, repòs | /ʃ/ | ells | |||
| ss[1] | rossa | — | — | ||||
| sc[1] | before e, i | ascens | /ʃ/ | crescendo | |||
| elsewhere | /sk/ | escriure | /ʃk/[lower-alpha 21] | visca | |||
| -scs | /sks/[lower-alpha 22] | boscs | — | — | |||
| sch (in loanwords) | /sk/[lower-alpha 23] | scherzo | — | — | |||
| /ʃ/ | jiddisch | — | — | ||||
| sh (in compounds and loanwords) | /z/ | deshora | /ʃ/ | sushi | |||
| /ʒ/[lower-alpha 24] | flashback | ||||||
| -st | /st/ | est | /t/ | /st/ | aquest | ||
| -sts | /sts/[lower-alpha 25] | gusts | /ts/[lower-alpha 25] | /sts/[lower-alpha 25] | aquests | ||
| sx | /(s)ʃ/ | /st͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 26] | desxifrat | — | — | ||
| sz (in loanwords) | /s/ | Szolnok | — | — | |||
| /ʃ/ | Tomasz | — | — | ||||
| szcz (in loanwords) | /t͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 27] | Szczecin | — | — | |||
| t | initially and medially | /t/ | tamís | — | — | ||
| finally | sort | Ø | /t/ | font | |||
| tt | /tː/ | posttònic | /t/ | dittografia | |||
| tb (in loanwords) | /db/[lower-alpha 28] | futbol | — | — | |||
| tg[1] | before e, i | /d͡ʒ/ | fetge | — | — | ||
| th (in compounds and loanwords) | /t/ | tothom | /θ/ | theta | |||
| /ð/ | The Times | ||||||
| /th/ | apartheid | ||||||
| ti | /ti/ | ties | /ʃ/ | National Mall (En.) | |||
| tj[1] | /d͡ʒ/ | mitjà | — | — | |||
| tl[1] | — | /lː/ | vetl(l)a | /dl/[lower-alpha 29] | atles | ||
| tll[1] | /ʎː/ | — | /ʎː/ | /ʎ/ | bitllet | ||
| tm[1] | initially | /m/ | tmesi | — | — | ||
| medially | /mː/[lower-alpha 30] | sotmetre | /dm/[lower-alpha 10] | ritme | |||
| tn[1] | /nː/ | cotna | /dn/[lower-alpha 11] | ètnic | |||
| tch (in loanwords) | /t͡ʃ/ | sketch | — | — | |||
| tsch (in loanwords) | kitsch | — | — | ||||
| ts | initially | /t͡s/[lower-alpha 31] | tsar | — | — | ||
| medially and finally | potser, bits | — | — | ||||
| tx[1] | /t͡ʃ/ | cotxe | — | — | |||
| tz[1] | /d͡z/ | dotze | /d͡z/ | /z/ | utilitzar | ||
| /t͡s/ | hertz | — | — | ||||
| tzsch (in loanwords) | /t͡ʃ/ | nitzscheà | — | — | |||
| v | initially and medially | /b/[lower-alpha 32] | /v/[lower-alpha 33] | vila | /f/ | von (Ge.) | |
| finally | /p/[lower-alpha 34] | /f/[lower-alpha 35] | salv | Kíev | |||
| w (in loanwords) | /w/ | western | /b/[lower-alpha 32] | /v/[lower-alpha 33] | watt | ||
| /f/ | Bukowski | ||||||
| wh (in loanwords) | whisky | /h/ | The Who | ||||
| x | initially | /ʃ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | xiular | /ʃ/ | Xàtiva | |
| next to a voiceless cons. | /ks/ | expert | — | — | |||
| medially (elsewhere) | /ɡz/ | examen | /ks/ | fixar | |||
| medially and finally after i (see ix) | /ʃ/ | guix | mix | ||||
| /ʒ/ | guix verd | — | — | ||||
| finally | /ks/ | índex | — | — | |||
| xc | before e, i | excel·lent | — | — | |||
| elsewhere | /(k)sk/ | excavar | — | — | |||
| xh | /gz/ | exhaust | — | — | |||
| xs | /ks/ | exsudar | — | — | |||
| -xt | /(k)st/ | mixt | — | — | |||
| -xts | /(k)sts/[lower-alpha 36] | texts | — | — | |||
| y (in loanwords, except the digraph ny) | /j/ | yuppie | — | — | |||
| /i/ | husky | /ai̯/ | bypass | ||||
| yy (in loanwords) | /j/ | Hudaybiyya | — | — | |||
| z | most cases | /z/ | zona | /d͡z/ | scherzo | ||
| /t͡s/ | Zemin | ||||||
| finally | /s/ | brunz | /θ/[lower-alpha 37] | López | |||
| zz (in loanwords) | /d͡z/ | mezzo | /z/ | jacuzzi | |||
| /t͡s/ | pizza | /s/ | jazz | ||||
| zh (in loanwords) | /z/ | alzhèimer | /d͡ʒ/ | Zhou | |||
| Vowels and combinations of vowel letters | |||||||
| Spelling | Main values (IPA) | Examples | Other values (IPA) | Examples | |||
| Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL) | Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL) | ||||
| a, à, â | stressed position | /a/ | /a/ | arc, àtom, pâ (Va.) | /ei̯/ | /ei̯/ | lady |
| /ɔ/ | yacht | ||||||
| unstressed position | /ə/ | anís, mitja | /a/ | allegretto | |||
| /ə/ | /ɛ ~ ɔ/ | terra, dona | |||||
| /e/ | artista (m.) | ||||||
| Ø | mitja hora | ||||||
| /o/ | Quartet (En.) | ||||||
| unstressed position (in contact with rhotics) | Ø | barana | /e/ | software | |||
| /eə/ | /ea/ | Square | |||||
| ä (in loanwords) | /ɛ/ | Händel | — | — | |||
| aa | stressed position | /əˈa/ | /aˈa/ | Isaac | — | — | |
| unstressed position | /əː/ | /aː/ | aalenià | — | — | ||
| ae | stressed position (open) | /əˈɛ/ | /aˈɛ/ | aeri | — | — | |
| stressed position (closed) | /əˈe/ | /aˈe/ | graella | — | — | ||
| unstressed position | /əe/ | /ae/ | aeròbic | /i/ | reggae | ||
| /ə/ | /e/ | Michael | |||||
| /ai̯/[lower-alpha 38] | taekwondo | ||||||
| aé | /əˈe/ | /aˈe/ | tacaé | — | — | ||
| ai | stressed position | /ai̯/ | /ai̯/ | aigua | /e/ | affaire | |
| /ei̯/ | container | ||||||
| unstressed position | /əi̯/ | airós | — | — | |||
| aï | stressed position | /əˈi/ | /aˈi/ | raïm | — | — | |
| unstressed position | /ə.i/ | /a.i/ | aïllat | — | — | ||
| aí | /əˈi/ | /aˈi/ | país | — | — | ||
| ao | /au/ | /ao/ | caos | — | — | ||
| /əˈo/ | /aˈo/ | graons | — | — | |||
| aó | raó | — | — | ||||
| au | stressed position | /au̯/ | /au̯/ | caus | /o/ | Foucault | |
| unstressed position | /əu̯/ | haurà | Faubourg | ||||
| aü | stressed position | /əˈu/ | /aˈu/ | taüt | /ɔi̯/ | fräulein | |
| unstressed position | /ə.u/ | /a.u/ | aüllar | — | — | ||
| aú | /əˈu/ | /aˈu/ | Esaú | — | — | ||
| e, é, è | stressed position (open/closed) | /ɛ/ | dens, èxit | /ɛ/ | /e/ | alè/alé, què | |
| stressed position (closed/open) | /e/ | ella, bé | |||||
| stressed position (closed) | — | — | /i/[lower-alpha 39] | reggae | |||
| unstressed position | /ə/ | /e/ | en, rere | /e/ | ídem | ||
| /ə/ | /a/ | espill | |||||
| /i/ | naixement | ||||||
| /i/ | reality | ||||||
| Ø | fanzines | ||||||
| no el té | |||||||
| unstressed position (in contact with rhotics) | Ø | /e/ | veritat | — | — | ||
| ea | stressed position | /eˈa/ | crear | /i/ | beat | ||
| /ɛ/ | spread | ||||||
| /e(i̯)ə/ | /ea/ | idea | /ɔ/ | Sean | |||
| unstressed position | /eə/ | àrea | /ə/ | /e/ | bearnesa | ||
| eà | /eˈa/ | oceà | — | — | |||
| eau (in loanwords) | /o/ | Rousseau | — | — | |||
| ee | stressed position | /əˈɛ/ | /eˈe/ | creença | /i/ | jeep | |
| /e(i̯)ə/ | /eː/ | idees | — | — | |||
| unstressed position | /eə/ | àrees | — | — | |||
| /əː/ | reeixir | — | — | ||||
| ei | stressed position (open/closed) | /ɛi̯/ | oleic | /ɛi̯/ | /ei̯/ | remei | |
| stressed position (closed/open) | /ei̯/ | /ei̯/ | reina | ||||
| unstressed position | /əi̯/ | eivissenc | — | — | |||
| stressed position (in loanwords) | /ai̯/ | eingang | — | — | |||
| eï | stressed position | /əˈi/ | /eˈi/ | obeït | — | — | |
| unstressed position | /ə.i/ | /e.i/ | veïnat | — | — | ||
| èi | /ɛi̯/ | plèiade | — | — | |||
| eo | stressed position (open) | /əˈɔ/ | /eˈɔ/ | beoci | — | — | |
| stressed position (closed) | /əˈo/ | /eˈo/ | eons | — | — | ||
| unstressed position | /əu/ | /eo/ | teoria | /eo/ | vídeo | ||
| eò | /əˈɔ/ | /eˈɔ/ | eòlic | — | — | ||
| eu | stressed position (open) | /ɛu̯/ | peu | /ɔi̯/ | Bayreuth | ||
| stressed position (closed) | /eu̯/ | /eu̯/ | seu | /e/[lower-alpha 40] | amateur | ||
| unstressed position | /əu̯/ | europea | — | — | |||
| eü | /əˈu/ | /eˈu/ | peüc | — | — | ||
| i, í, ï | stressed position | /i/ | illa, ací | /ai̯/ | copyright | ||
| /ɛ/[lower-alpha 41][lower-alpha 42] | Rodin, birdie | ||||||
| unstressed position | Ø | business | |||||
| after vowels (hiatus) | /ˈi/ | naïf | — | — | |||
| after vowels (unstressed position) | /i̯/ | creies | — | — | |||
| ia | stressed position | /i̯a/ | /i̯a/ | iaio | — | — | |
| unstressed position | /i̯ə/ | veia | — | — | |||
| ie | stressed position | /i̯e/ | /i̯e/ | veient (Cat.) | /i/ | briefing | |
| unstressed position | /i̯ə/ | feien | — | — | |||
| ii | /iː/ | xiisme | — | — | |||
| iï | /iˈi/ | xiïta | — | — | |||
| io | stressed position (open) | /i̯ɔ/ | iode | — | — | ||
| stressed position (closed) | /i̯o/ | /i̯o/ | io-io | — | — | ||
| unstressed position | /i̯u/ | iogurt | — | — | |||
| iu | /i̯u/ | iuguslau | — | — | |||
| o, ó, ò | stressed position (open) | /ɔ/ | bo, allò | — | — | ||
| stressed position (closed) | /o/ | /o/ | mot, ós | /ou̯/ | pincode | ||
| /u/ | Guangdong | ||||||
| unstressed position | /u/ | ferro | /o/ | ego | |||
| /u/ | cobert | ||||||
| /u̯/ | posa-ho | ||||||
| /ə/ | /a/ | Ogariov | |||||
| oa | stressed position | /uˈa/ | /oˈa/ | poal | /uˈa/ | Joan | |
| /ou̯/ | coach | ||||||
| /oə/ | /oa/ | quinoa | /o/ | snowboard | |||
| unstressed position | /uə/ | lloador | /uə/ | /ua/ | Joaquim | ||
| oe | stressed position (open/closed) | /uˈɛ/ | /oˈe/ | coet | — | — | |
| stressed position (closed) | /uˈe/ | poeta | — | — | |||
| unstressed position | /uə/ | /oe/ | àloe | — | — | ||
| oi (see ix) | stressed position (open) | /ɔi̯/ | boira | /u̯a/ | foie | ||
| stressed position (closed) | — | /oi̯/ | coix | — | — | ||
| unstressed position | /ui̯/ | joiós | /uə/ | /ua/ | croissant | ||
| oï | /uˈi/ | /oˈi/ | roïns | — | — | ||
| oo | /oː/ | zoo | /u/ | zoom | |||
| /uˈo/ | /oˈo/ | microones | — | — | |||
| ou | stressed position (open) | /ɔu̯/ | bou | /au̯/ | cloud | ||
| /ɔ/ | final four | ||||||
| stressed position (closed) | /ou̯/ | /ou̯/ | sou (v.) | /u/ | tour | ||
| /w/ | ouija | ||||||
| unstressed position | /ɵu̯/[lower-alpha 43] | clourà | — | — | |||
| u, ú, ü | stressed position | /u/ | tu, ús | /i/ | business | ||
| /y/[lower-alpha 44] | déjà vu, Müller | ||||||
| /a/ | punk | ||||||
| /iu̯/ | duty-free | ||||||
| /ɛ/[lower-alpha 42] | return | ||||||
| after vowels (hiatus) | /ˈu/ | reüll | — | — | |||
| after vowels (unstressed position) | /u̯/ | creua | — | — | |||
| ua | stressed position | /uˈa/ | suat | — | — | ||
| unstressed position | /uə/ | /ua/ | cua | — | — | ||
| ue | stressed position (open) | /uˈɛ/ | /uˈɛ/ | duel | /u/ | blues | |
| /y/[lower-alpha 44] | fondue | ||||||
| stressed position (open/closed) | /uˈe/ | fuet | — | — | |||
| unstressed position | /uə/ | /ue/ | duen | — | — | ||
| ui | /ui̯/ | /ui̯/ (in. /u̯i/) | buit | /u̯ei̯/ | Anhui | ||
| uï | /uˈi/ | fluït | — | — | |||
| uo | stressed position (open) | /uˈɔ/ | cuot | — | — | ||
| stressed position (closed) | /uˈo/ | suor | — | — | |||
| unstressed position | /uː/ | — | suo | /uo/ | duo | ||
| uu | /uː/ | lluu | — | — | |||
| Combinations of vowel and consonant letters | |||||||
| Spelling | Main values (IPA) | Examples | Other values (IPA) | Examples | |||
| Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL) | Cat. (IEC) | Va. (AVL | ||||
| aha | /əː/ | /aː/ | bahamià | /əha/ | /aha/ | Kalahari | |
| ahà | /əˈa/ | /aˈa/ | sahàric | — | — | ||
| ahe | /əe/ | /ae/ | sahelians | — | — | ||
| /əˈe/ | /aˈe/ | subtrahend | — | — | |||
| ahi | /əi/ | /ai/ | Tahití | — | — | ||
| /əˈi/ | /aˈi/ | ahir | — | — | |||
| ahí | tahírida | — | — | ||||
| aho | /əˈo/ | /aˈo/ | Mahoma | /aho/ | navaho | ||
| /əu/ | /ao/ | mahometà | — | — | |||
| ahò | /əˈɔ/ | /aˈɔ/ | mahònia | — | — | ||
| ahu | /əu/ | /au/ | infrahumans | — | — | ||
| aw (in loanwords) | /ɔ/ | Law | — | — | |||
| ay (old form and loanwords) | /ai̯/ | faraday | /ɛ/ | /e/ | Quai d'Orsay | ||
| /ei̯/ | play | — | — | ||||
| ci (in loanwords) | /t͡ʃ/ | ciao | — | — | |||
| cci (in loanwords) | carpaccio | — | — | ||||
| cqu (in loanwords) | /k/ | jacquard | — | — | |||
| dqu | before e, i | /tk/[lower-alpha 45] | adquirir | — | — | ||
| eha | /eə/ | /ea/ | rehabilitar | — | — | ||
| ehe | /əˈɛ/ | /eˈe/ | aprehendre | — | — | ||
| /əː/ | /eː/ | vehement | — | — | |||
| ehi | /əˈi/ | /eˈi/ | vehicle | — | — | ||
| /əi/ | /ei/ | dehiscent | — | — | |||
| ehí | /əˈi/ | /eˈi/ | aldehídic | — | — | ||
| eho | /əu/ | /eo/ | prehomínids | — | — | ||
| ehu | /eu/ | sobrehumà | — | — | |||
| ew (in loanwords) | /iu̯/ | newton | /u/ | crew | |||
| ey (old form and loanwords) | /ei̯/ | keynesià | /i/ | bogey | |||
| gi (in loanwords) | /d͡ʒ/ | adagio | — | — | |||
| ggi (in loanwords) | appoggiatura | — | — | ||||
| gu[1] | before a, o | /ɡw/ | guant | — | — | ||
| before a cons. | /ɡu/ | agut | — | — | |||
| before e, i | /ɡ/ | guitza | — | — | |||
| gü | /ɡw/ | pingüí | — | — | |||
| iha | /iə/ | /ia/ | polihalita | /iha/ | jihad | ||
| ihe | /iˈɛ/ | periheli | — | — | |||
| /iə/ | /ie/ | antiheroi | — | — | |||
| ihè | /iɛ/ | dihèlia | — | — | |||
| ihi | /iː/ | anihilar | — | — | |||
| ihí | /iˈi/ | polihídric | — | — | |||
| iho | /iu/ | /io/ | antihorari | — | — | ||
| ihu | /iu/ | antihumitat | /iu̯/ | marihuana | |||
| ig[1] | finally | /t͡ʃ/ | reig | — | — | ||
| /it͡ʃ/ | mig | — | — | ||||
| before a vowel or voiced cons. | /d͡ʒ/ | reig blanc | — | — | |||
| /id͡ʒ/ | migdia | — | — | ||||
| igs | /t͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 46] | reigs | — | — | |||
| /it͡ʃ/[lower-alpha 18] | migs | — | — | ||||
| ix[1] | finally | /ʃ/ | /i̯ʃ/ | coix | — | — | |
| /iʃ/ | guix | — | — | ||||
| before a vowel or voiced cons. | /ʒ/ | /i̯ʒ/ | coix i cec | — | — | ||
| /iʒ/ | guix verd | — | — | ||||
| ïx | finally | /iʃ/ | reïx | — | — | ||
| before a vowel or voiced cons. | /iʒ/ | reïx bé | — | — | |||
| le (in loanwords) | /əl/ | /el/ | paddle surf | — | — | ||
| oha | /uə/ | /oa/ | cohabitar | — | — | ||
| ohà | /uˈa/ | /oˈa/ | bohàiric | — | — | ||
| ohe | /uə/ | /oe/ | cohesió | — | — | ||
| ohè | /uɛ/ | /oɛ/ | bohèmia | — | — | ||
| ohi | /ui/ | /oi/ | prohibir | — | — | ||
| ohí | /uˈi/ | /oˈi/ | microhílids | — | — | ||
| oho | /uˈɔ/ | /oˈɔ/ | cohort | — | — | ||
| /uː/ | /oː/ | cohobació | — | — | |||
| ohò | /uˈɔ/ | /oˈɔ/ | alcohòlic | — | — | ||
| ohu | /uː/ | /ou/ | argiŀlohumífer | — | — | ||
| ow (in loanwords) | /ou̯/ | flow | — | — | |||
| /au̯/ | cowboy | — | — | ||||
| oy (old form and loanwords) | /ɔi̯/ | Roy | /u̯a/ | Troyes | |||
| qu[1] | before a, o | /kw/ | quan | — | — | ||
| before e, i | /k/ | quina | — | — | |||
| qü | /kw/ | qüestió | — | — | |||
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