Madhya Pradesh
State in central India / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Madhya Pradesh (/ˌmədjə prəˈdɛʃ/,[10] Hindi: [ˈməd̪ʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ] (
listen); meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, Satna, Narmadapuram, Shahdol, Rewa and Morena being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.[11]
Madhya Pradesh | |
|---|---|
      From top, left to right: UNESCO Temples at the Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Great Stupa of Sanchi, Chital deer at Kanha National Park, Marble Rocks near Jabalpur, Bhimbetka rock shelters and Jahaz Mahal in the ancient city of Mandu | |
| Etymology: Central Lands | |
| Nickname: "Heart of India" | |
| Motto: Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
| Anthem: Mera Madhya Pradesh (My Madhya Pradesh)[1] | |
 Location of Madhya Pradesh in India | |
| Country |  India |
| Region | Central India |
| Before was | Madhya Bharat Vindhya Pradesh Bhopal state |
| Formation | 1 November 1956 |
| Capital | Bhopal |
| Largest City | Indore |
| Districts | 52 (10 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Madhya Pradesh |
| • Governor | Mangubhai C. Patel |
| • Chief Minister | Shivraj Singh Chouhan[2] (BJP) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly (230 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 11 seats |
| • Lok Sabha | 29 seats |
| High Court | Madhya Pradesh High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 308,245 km2 (119,014 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 605 km (376 mi) |
| • Width | 870 km (540 mi) |
| Elevation | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,352 m (4,436 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| Population (2011)[4] | |
| • Total |  72,626,809 |
| • Rank | 5th |
| • Density | 240/km2 (600/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 27.63% |
| • Rural | 72.37% |
| Demonym | Madhya Pradeshis |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[5] |
| • Official Script | Devanagari script |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2021-22) | ₹11.69 trillion (US$150 billion) |
| • Rank | 10th |
| • Per capita | ₹124,685 (US$1,600) (24th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MP |
| Vehicle registration | Mp |
| HDI (2018) |  0.606 Medium[7] (34rd) |
| Literacy (2011) | 70.6% (27th) |
| Sex ratio (2011) | 970♀/1000 ♂[8] (15th) |
| Website | mp |
| Symbols of Madhya Pradesh | |
 | |
| Song | Mera Madhya Pradesh (My Madhya Pradesh)[9] |
| Language | Hindi[5] |
| Bird | Indian paradise flycatcher |
| Fish | Mahseer |
| Flower | White lily |
| Fruit | Mango |
| Mammal | Barasingha |
| Tree | Banyan Tree |
| State Highway Mark | |
 | |
| State Highway of Madhya Pradesh MP SH1 - MP SH53 | |
| List of State Symbols | |
The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. The Maratha Empire dominated the majority of the 18th century. After the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State. This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was designated a separate state.
The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the 10th-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹9.17 trillion (US$110 billion) and has the country's 26th highest per-capita income of ₹ 109372.[6] Madhya Pradesh ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index.[12] Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. 25.14% of its area is under forest cover.[13] Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11.[14] In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average.[15] In 2019–20, state's GSDP was recorded at 9.07.[16]