Marriage bar
Ban on the employment of married women / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A marriage bar is the practice of restricting the employment of married women.[1] Common in English-speaking countries from the late 19th century to the 1970s,[2] the practice often called for the termination of the employment of a woman on her marriage, especially in teaching and clerical occupations. Further, widowed women with children were still considered to be married at times, preventing them from being hired, as well.[3][4][5]
The practice lacked an economic justification, and its rigid application was often disruptive to workplaces. However, marriage bars were widely relaxed in wartime due to an increase in the demand for labor. Research carried out by Claudia Goldin to explore their determinants using firm-level data from 1931 and 1940, find out that they are associated with promotion from within, tenure-based salaries, and other modern personnel practices.[6]
Since the 1960s, the practice has widely been regarded as employment inequality and sexual discrimination, and has been either discontinued or outlawed by anti-discrimination laws. In the Netherlands, the marriage bar was removed in 1957,[7][8][9] in Australia it was removed in 1966,[10] and in Ireland it was removed in 1973.[11][12]