Old Turkic script

Alphabet used by early Turks (6-10th centuries) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.[1]

Quick facts: Old Turkic script Orkhon script, Script type,... ▼
Old Turkic script
Orkhon script
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A line dedicated to Bumin Qaghan in the Ongin inscription.
Script type
Alphabet
Time period
8th to 10th centuries[1]
Directionright-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesOld Turkic
Related scripts
Parent systems
Child systems
Old Hungarian
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Orkh (175), ​Old Turkic, Orkhon Runic
Unicode
Unicode alias
Old Turkic
U+10C00–U+10C4F
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
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Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions - Orkhun Museum, Kharkhorin, Mongolia
Kul tigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions - Orkhon Museum, Kharkhorin, Mongolia
Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg
Transcription of part of Bilge Kağan's inscription (lines 36–40)
Location_of_Orkhon_valley.JPG
Location of the Orkhon Valley.

The script is named after the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia where early 8th-century inscriptions were discovered in an 1889 expedition by Nikolai Yadrintsev.[2] These Orkhon inscriptions were published by Vasily Radlov and deciphered by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893.[3]

This writing system was later used within the Uyghur Khaganate. Additionally, a Yenisei variant is known from 9th-century Yenisei Kirghiz inscriptions, and it has likely cousins in the Talas Valley of Turkestan and the Old Hungarian alphabet of the 10th century. Words were usually written from right to left.