Pergamon
Ancient Greek and Roman city in modern-day Turkey and UNESCO World Heritage Site / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pergamon or Pergamum (/ˈpɜːrɡəmən/ or /ˈpɜːrɡəmɒn/; Greek: Πέργαμον), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (Πέργαμος),[lower-alpha 1][1] was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Mysia. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern-day Bakırçay) and northwest of the modern city of Bergama, Turkey.
τὸ Πέργαμον (in Ancient Greek) | |
_-_Turkey_-_10_(5747249729).jpg) | |
  Shown within Turkey | |
| Alternative name | Pergamum |
|---|---|
| Location | Bergama, İzmir Province, Turkey |
| Region | Aeolis |
| Coordinates | 39°07′57″N 27°11′03″E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Area | 90 ha (220 acres) |
| History | |
| Cultures | Greek, Roman |
| Associated with | Epigonus, Sosus of Pergamon, Aelius Nicon, Galen |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Ownership | Public |
| Public access | Yes |
| Official name | Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape |
| Criteria | Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi |
| Reference | 1457 |
| Inscription | 2014 (38th Session) |
| Area | 332.5 ha |
| Buffer zone | 476.9 ha |
During the Hellenistic period, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon in 281–133 BC under the Attalid dynasty, who transformed it into one of the major cultural centres of the Greek world. Many remains of its monuments can still be seen and especially the masterpiece of the Pergamon Altar.[2] Pergamon was the northernmost of the seven churches of Asia cited in the New Testament Book of Revelation.[3]
The city is centered on a 335-metre-high (1,099 ft) mesa of andesite, which formed its acropolis. This mesa falls away sharply on the north, west, and east sides, but three natural terraces on the south side provide a route up to the top. To the west of the acropolis, the Selinus River (modern Bergamaçay) flows through the city, while the Ketios river (modern Kestelçay) passes by to the east.
Pergamon was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014.